Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age
Abstract Background Blood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02976-w |
| _version_ | 1818956131162128384 |
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| author | Ana Luisa Montoya Navarrete Teódulo Quezada Tristán Samuel Lozano Santillán Raúl Ortiz Martínez Arturo Gerardo Valdivia Flores Lizbeth Martínez Martínez María Carolina De Luna López |
| author_facet | Ana Luisa Montoya Navarrete Teódulo Quezada Tristán Samuel Lozano Santillán Raúl Ortiz Martínez Arturo Gerardo Valdivia Flores Lizbeth Martínez Martínez María Carolina De Luna López |
| author_sort | Ana Luisa Montoya Navarrete |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Blood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppies and adults are physiologically different, which justifies the need to obtain age-specific biochemical reference intervals. The aim of this research was to assess the potential effect of age, sex, body size, and their interaction on routine biochemical analytes and physiological constants (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate). To carry out the research, we selected 197 healthy dogs of both sexes and different body sizes (small, medium and large) classified by age: group I (4–8 wk), group II (9–24 wk), group III (25–52 wk), and group IV (> 52 wk). The biochemical analysis included the measurement of the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulins, glucose, urea, and creatinine. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a general linear model (GLM), which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05). Results The results of this study showed that ALT, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and body temperature levels were lower in puppies than in adult dogs of group IV (p < 0.05), while the enzymatic activity of ALP, LDH, glucose concentration, and heart rate were higher. Whereas sex, body size and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). Conclusions Some biochemical components are influenced by age. For this reason, this manuscript contributes with additional data for the clinical interpretation of blood biochemical results in puppies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-842dc90b28844377868eea5472b1ae0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-842dc90b28844377868eea5472b1ae0d2022-12-21T19:43:20ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482021-08-0117111410.1186/s12917-021-02976-wEffect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of ageAna Luisa Montoya Navarrete0Teódulo Quezada Tristán1Samuel Lozano Santillán2Raúl Ortiz Martínez3Arturo Gerardo Valdivia Flores4Lizbeth Martínez Martínez5María Carolina De Luna López6Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of AguascalientesAbstract Background Blood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppies and adults are physiologically different, which justifies the need to obtain age-specific biochemical reference intervals. The aim of this research was to assess the potential effect of age, sex, body size, and their interaction on routine biochemical analytes and physiological constants (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate). To carry out the research, we selected 197 healthy dogs of both sexes and different body sizes (small, medium and large) classified by age: group I (4–8 wk), group II (9–24 wk), group III (25–52 wk), and group IV (> 52 wk). The biochemical analysis included the measurement of the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulins, glucose, urea, and creatinine. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a general linear model (GLM), which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05). Results The results of this study showed that ALT, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and body temperature levels were lower in puppies than in adult dogs of group IV (p < 0.05), while the enzymatic activity of ALP, LDH, glucose concentration, and heart rate were higher. Whereas sex, body size and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). Conclusions Some biochemical components are influenced by age. For this reason, this manuscript contributes with additional data for the clinical interpretation of blood biochemical results in puppies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02976-wBlood chemistryPuppiesClinical pathologyReference intervalsPhysiological constants |
| spellingShingle | Ana Luisa Montoya Navarrete Teódulo Quezada Tristán Samuel Lozano Santillán Raúl Ortiz Martínez Arturo Gerardo Valdivia Flores Lizbeth Martínez Martínez María Carolina De Luna López Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age BMC Veterinary Research Blood chemistry Puppies Clinical pathology Reference intervals Physiological constants |
| title | Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age |
| title_full | Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age |
| title_fullStr | Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age |
| title_short | Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age |
| title_sort | effect of age sex and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk to 52 wk of age |
| topic | Blood chemistry Puppies Clinical pathology Reference intervals Physiological constants |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02976-w |
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