Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz
Video surveillance is needed to control many activities performed in underwater environments. The use of wired media can be a problem since the material specially designed for underwater environments is very expensive. In order to transmit the images and videos wirelessly under water, three main tec...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1769 |
| _version_ | 1798006685254549504 |
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| author | Sandra Sendra Jaime Lloret Jose Miguel Jimenez Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Sandra Sendra Jaime Lloret Jose Miguel Jimenez Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Sandra Sendra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Video surveillance is needed to control many activities performed in underwater environments. The use of wired media can be a problem since the material specially designed for underwater environments is very expensive. In order to transmit the images and videos wirelessly under water, three main technologies can be used: acoustic waves, which do not provide high bandwidth, optical signals, although the effect of light dispersion in water severely penalizes the transmitted signals and therefore, despite offering high transfer rates, the maximum distance is very small, and electromagnetic (EM) waves, which can provide enough bandwidth for video delivery. In the cases where the distance between transmitter and receiver is short, the use of EM waves would be an interesting option since they provide high enough data transfer rates to transmit videos with high resolution. This paper presents a practical study of the behavior of EM waves at 2.4 GHz in freshwater underwater environments. First, we discuss the minimum requirements of a network to allow video delivery. From these results, we measure the maximum distance between nodes and the round trip time (RTT) value depending on several parameters such as data transfer rate, signal modulations, working frequency, and water temperature. The results are statistically analyzed to determine their relation. Finally, the EM waves’ behavior is modeled by a set of equations. The results show that there are some combinations of working frequency, modulation, transfer rate and temperature that offer better results than others. Our work shows that short communication distances with high data transfer rates is feasible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:58:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8442ccbefb1a4aa9accee52099b776a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:58:20Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8442ccbefb1a4aa9accee52099b776a22022-12-22T04:23:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-10-011610176910.3390/s16101769s16101769Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHzSandra Sendra0Jaime Lloret1Jose Miguel Jimenez2Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues3Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications Department (TSTC), Universidad de Granada, C/Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, s/n., Granada 18071, SpainIntegrated Management Coastal Research Institute, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf, n° 1, Grao de Gandia 46730, SpainIntegrated Management Coastal Research Institute, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf, n° 1, Grao de Gandia 46730, SpainNational Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37540-000, BrazilVideo surveillance is needed to control many activities performed in underwater environments. The use of wired media can be a problem since the material specially designed for underwater environments is very expensive. In order to transmit the images and videos wirelessly under water, three main technologies can be used: acoustic waves, which do not provide high bandwidth, optical signals, although the effect of light dispersion in water severely penalizes the transmitted signals and therefore, despite offering high transfer rates, the maximum distance is very small, and electromagnetic (EM) waves, which can provide enough bandwidth for video delivery. In the cases where the distance between transmitter and receiver is short, the use of EM waves would be an interesting option since they provide high enough data transfer rates to transmit videos with high resolution. This paper presents a practical study of the behavior of EM waves at 2.4 GHz in freshwater underwater environments. First, we discuss the minimum requirements of a network to allow video delivery. From these results, we measure the maximum distance between nodes and the round trip time (RTT) value depending on several parameters such as data transfer rate, signal modulations, working frequency, and water temperature. The results are statistically analyzed to determine their relation. Finally, the EM waves’ behavior is modeled by a set of equations. The results show that there are some combinations of working frequency, modulation, transfer rate and temperature that offer better results than others. Our work shows that short communication distances with high data transfer rates is feasible.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1769video transmissionunderwater video surveillanceunderwater communicationsunderwater wireless sensor network (UWSN)2.4 GHzfreshwaterelectromagnetic wavesmodulations |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Sendra Jaime Lloret Jose Miguel Jimenez Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz Sensors video transmission underwater video surveillance underwater communications underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) 2.4 GHz freshwater electromagnetic waves modulations |
| title | Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz |
| title_full | Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz |
| title_fullStr | Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz |
| title_short | Underwater Communications for Video Surveillance Systems at 2.4 GHz |
| title_sort | underwater communications for video surveillance systems at 2 4 ghz |
| topic | video transmission underwater video surveillance underwater communications underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) 2.4 GHz freshwater electromagnetic waves modulations |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1769 |
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