Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health
Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6387 |
| _version_ | 1797512086621782016 |
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| author | José Nabor Haro-González Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera Moisés Martínez-Velázquez Hugo Espinosa-Andrews |
| author_facet | José Nabor Haro-González Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera Moisés Martínez-Velázquez Hugo Espinosa-Andrews |
| author_sort | José Nabor Haro-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfume, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. The impacts of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the concentration of the main volatile compounds in clove essential oil and organic clove extracts are shown. Eugenol is the major compound, accounting for at least 50%. The remaining 10–40% consists of eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. The main biological activities reported are summarized. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. This review presents new biological applications beneficial for human health, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity. This review aims to describe the effects of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on its chemical composition and food applications and the biological activities of interest to human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-844e3b0b8fd242a99a09b09f5f26f7a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-844e3b0b8fd242a99a09b09f5f26f7a42023-11-22T21:20:39ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-10-012621638710.3390/molecules26216387Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human HealthJosé Nabor Haro-González0Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera1Moisés Martínez-Velázquez2Hugo Espinosa-Andrews3Food Technology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, MexicoFood Technology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, MexicoMedical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, MexicoFood Technology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, MexicoClove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfume, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. The impacts of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the concentration of the main volatile compounds in clove essential oil and organic clove extracts are shown. Eugenol is the major compound, accounting for at least 50%. The remaining 10–40% consists of eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. The main biological activities reported are summarized. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. This review presents new biological applications beneficial for human health, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity. This review aims to describe the effects of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on its chemical composition and food applications and the biological activities of interest to human health.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6387clove essential oilbiological activitychemical compositionextraction |
| spellingShingle | José Nabor Haro-González Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera Moisés Martínez-Velázquez Hugo Espinosa-Andrews Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health Molecules clove essential oil biological activity chemical composition extraction |
| title | Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health |
| title_full | Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health |
| title_fullStr | Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health |
| title_short | Clove Essential Oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health |
| title_sort | clove essential oil i syzygium aromaticum i l myrtaceae extraction chemical composition food applications and essential bioactivity for human health |
| topic | clove essential oil biological activity chemical composition extraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6387 |
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