An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD
Chang’E-7 will be launched around 2026 to explore resources at the lunar south pole. Glaciers are suitable scenes on the earth for lunar penetrating radar verification. In the verification experiment, ice-penetrating signals are inevitably polluted by noise, affecting the accuracy and reliability of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/7/1658 |
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| author | Danping Lu Shaoxiang Shen Yuxi Li Bo Zhao Xiaojun Liu Guangyou Fang |
| author_facet | Danping Lu Shaoxiang Shen Yuxi Li Bo Zhao Xiaojun Liu Guangyou Fang |
| author_sort | Danping Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chang’E-7 will be launched around 2026 to explore resources at the lunar south pole. Glaciers are suitable scenes on the earth for lunar penetrating radar verification. In the verification experiment, ice-penetrating signals are inevitably polluted by noise, affecting the accuracy and reliability of glacier detection. This paper proposes a denoising method for ice-penetrating signals based on the combination of whale optimization algorithm (WOA), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and the improved Bhattacharyya distance (BD). Firstly, a fitness function for WOA is established based on permutation entropy (PE), and the number of decomposition modes <i>K</i> and the quadratic penalty factor <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the VMD are optimized using WOA. Then, VMD is performed on the signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Finally, according to the BD, the relevant IMFs are selected for signal reconstruction and denoising. The simulation results indicate the strengths of this method in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and its performance is better than empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Experiments on the detected signals of the Mengke Glacier No. 29 indicate that the WOA-VMD-BD method can efficiently eliminate noise from the data and procure well-defined layered profiles of the glacier. The research in this paper helps observe the layered details of the lunar regolith profile and interpret the data in subsequent space exploration missions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:38:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-844e6c37b9714ff7a846f53d0bd93428 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:38:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-844e6c37b9714ff7a846f53d0bd934282023-11-17T16:33:47ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-03-01127165810.3390/electronics12071658An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BDDanping Lu0Shaoxiang Shen1Yuxi Li2Bo Zhao3Xiaojun Liu4Guangyou Fang5Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaChang’E-7 will be launched around 2026 to explore resources at the lunar south pole. Glaciers are suitable scenes on the earth for lunar penetrating radar verification. In the verification experiment, ice-penetrating signals are inevitably polluted by noise, affecting the accuracy and reliability of glacier detection. This paper proposes a denoising method for ice-penetrating signals based on the combination of whale optimization algorithm (WOA), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and the improved Bhattacharyya distance (BD). Firstly, a fitness function for WOA is established based on permutation entropy (PE), and the number of decomposition modes <i>K</i> and the quadratic penalty factor <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the VMD are optimized using WOA. Then, VMD is performed on the signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Finally, according to the BD, the relevant IMFs are selected for signal reconstruction and denoising. The simulation results indicate the strengths of this method in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and its performance is better than empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Experiments on the detected signals of the Mengke Glacier No. 29 indicate that the WOA-VMD-BD method can efficiently eliminate noise from the data and procure well-defined layered profiles of the glacier. The research in this paper helps observe the layered details of the lunar regolith profile and interpret the data in subsequent space exploration missions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/7/1658ice-penetrating signalVMDWOABDparameter optimizationIMFs |
| spellingShingle | Danping Lu Shaoxiang Shen Yuxi Li Bo Zhao Xiaojun Liu Guangyou Fang An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD Electronics ice-penetrating signal VMD WOA BD parameter optimization IMFs |
| title | An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD |
| title_full | An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD |
| title_fullStr | An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD |
| title_short | An Ice-Penetrating Signal Denoising Method Based on WOA-VMD-BD |
| title_sort | ice penetrating signal denoising method based on woa vmd bd |
| topic | ice-penetrating signal VMD WOA BD parameter optimization IMFs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/7/1658 |
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