Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering
Advances in time-resolved structural techniques, mainly in macromolecular crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), allow for a detailed view of the dynamics of biological macromolecules and reactions between binding partners. Of particular promise, are mix-and-inject techniques, whic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Union of Crystallography
2023-05-01
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| Series: | IUCrJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S2052252523003482 |
| _version_ | 1797832911761702912 |
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| author | Kara A. Zielinski Andrea M. Katz George D. Calvey Suzette A. Pabit Shawn K. Milano Cody Aplin Josue San Emeterio Richard A. Cerione Lois Pollack |
| author_facet | Kara A. Zielinski Andrea M. Katz George D. Calvey Suzette A. Pabit Shawn K. Milano Cody Aplin Josue San Emeterio Richard A. Cerione Lois Pollack |
| author_sort | Kara A. Zielinski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Advances in time-resolved structural techniques, mainly in macromolecular crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), allow for a detailed view of the dynamics of biological macromolecules and reactions between binding partners. Of particular promise, are mix-and-inject techniques, which offer a wide range of experimental possibility as microfluidic mixers are used to rapidly combine two species just prior to data collection. Most mix-and-inject approaches rely on diffusive mixers, which have been effectively used within crystallography and SAXS for a variety of systems, but their success is dependent on a specific set of conditions to facilitate fast diffusion for mixing. The use of a new chaotic advection mixer designed for microfluidic applications helps to further broaden the types of systems compatible with time-resolved mixing experiments. The chaotic advection mixer can create ultra-thin, alternating layers of liquid, enabling faster diffusion so that even more slowly diffusing molecules, like proteins or nucleic acids, can achieve fast mixing on timescales relevant to biological reactions. This mixer was first used in UV–vis absorbance and SAXS experiments with systems of a variety of molecular weights, and thus diffusion speeds. Careful effort was also dedicated to making a loop-loading sample-delivery system that consumes as little sample as possible, enabling the study of precious, laboratory-purified samples. The combination of the versatile mixer with low sample consumption opens the door to many new applications for mix-and-inject studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:15:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-845924a548ac481394f8df26f15ff8be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-2525 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:15:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | International Union of Crystallography |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IUCrJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-845924a548ac481394f8df26f15ff8be2023-05-05T11:31:33ZengInternational Union of CrystallographyIUCrJ2052-25252023-05-0110336337510.1107/S2052252523003482ro5036Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scatteringKara A. Zielinski0Andrea M. Katz1George D. Calvey2Suzette A. Pabit3Shawn K. Milano4Cody Aplin5Josue San Emeterio6Richard A. Cerione7Lois Pollack8School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USASchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USASchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USASchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USADepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USADepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USASchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USADepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USASchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USAAdvances in time-resolved structural techniques, mainly in macromolecular crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), allow for a detailed view of the dynamics of biological macromolecules and reactions between binding partners. Of particular promise, are mix-and-inject techniques, which offer a wide range of experimental possibility as microfluidic mixers are used to rapidly combine two species just prior to data collection. Most mix-and-inject approaches rely on diffusive mixers, which have been effectively used within crystallography and SAXS for a variety of systems, but their success is dependent on a specific set of conditions to facilitate fast diffusion for mixing. The use of a new chaotic advection mixer designed for microfluidic applications helps to further broaden the types of systems compatible with time-resolved mixing experiments. The chaotic advection mixer can create ultra-thin, alternating layers of liquid, enabling faster diffusion so that even more slowly diffusing molecules, like proteins or nucleic acids, can achieve fast mixing on timescales relevant to biological reactions. This mixer was first used in UV–vis absorbance and SAXS experiments with systems of a variety of molecular weights, and thus diffusion speeds. Careful effort was also dedicated to making a loop-loading sample-delivery system that consumes as little sample as possible, enabling the study of precious, laboratory-purified samples. The combination of the versatile mixer with low sample consumption opens the door to many new applications for mix-and-inject studies.http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S2052252523003482mix-and-inject techniquestime-resolved saxsstructural biologybiomacromolecular systems |
| spellingShingle | Kara A. Zielinski Andrea M. Katz George D. Calvey Suzette A. Pabit Shawn K. Milano Cody Aplin Josue San Emeterio Richard A. Cerione Lois Pollack Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering IUCrJ mix-and-inject techniques time-resolved saxs structural biology biomacromolecular systems |
| title | Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering |
| title_full | Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering |
| title_fullStr | Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering |
| title_short | Chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering |
| title_sort | chaotic advection mixer for capturing transient states of diverse biological macromolecular systems with time resolved small angle x ray scattering |
| topic | mix-and-inject techniques time-resolved saxs structural biology biomacromolecular systems |
| url | http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S2052252523003482 |
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