Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe
Abstract Despite the social, health, law enforcement, and economic importance of illegal drug supply, the lack of information and understanding regarding these supply chains stands out. This paper carries out a disaggregated analysis of the structure of the hashish supply chain from Morocco to Europ...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01770-3 |
| _version_ | 1797811622488571904 |
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| author | Manuel Sánchez-Pérez María Belén Marín-Carrillo María Dolores Illescas-Manzano Zohair Souilim |
| author_facet | Manuel Sánchez-Pérez María Belén Marín-Carrillo María Dolores Illescas-Manzano Zohair Souilim |
| author_sort | Manuel Sánchez-Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Despite the social, health, law enforcement, and economic importance of illegal drug supply, the lack of information and understanding regarding these supply chains stands out. This paper carries out a disaggregated analysis of the structure of the hashish supply chain from Morocco to Europe to explain the value contributions at each level, the end-price formation, and the supply chain management practices. The methodology adopted is based on a mixed method of data collection where the primary data are gathered from field interviews with cannabis producers and dealers and secondary information is obtained from official statistics, research papers, informational reports, and documentaries. We review supply and value chain frameworks through the lens of cost–benefit analysis. Our main findings show an unequal contribution on the part of the different levels of distribution, with end-user prices increasing by 7000% of the cost of production during the supply chain. The chain also has high variable costs but limited fixed ones, exacerbating the lack of stability and fostering continuous adaptation. We also detect a reluctance to raise end-user prices but a great propensity to change quality. This research may have implications for several stakeholders. In the case of dealers, we find that they have created a supply-push system thanks to their dominant power, leaning on information sharing as a source of resilience. In the case of law enforcement, we delve into the operational functioning of the drug chain and the reasons for its survival. For financial investigation operations, unknown or unrealized economic parameters are quantified. For development agencies, the need to implement alternative development programs for producers is evidenced. Finally, for health authorities, we highlight the consequences of seizures and prohibitions of hashish trafficking on the deterioration of the quality of hashish and the subsequently added health hazards for end-users. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:25:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8459737814764a0cb2c764a1d3fd3a52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-9992 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:25:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-8459737814764a0cb2c764a1d3fd3a522023-06-04T11:23:43ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922023-06-0110111310.1057/s41599-023-01770-3Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to EuropeManuel Sánchez-Pérez0María Belén Marín-Carrillo1María Dolores Illescas-Manzano2Zohair Souilim3Department of Economics and Business, CIED Research Centre, University of AlmeríaDepartment of Economics and Business, CIED Research Centre, University of AlmeríaDepartment of Economics and Business, CIED Research Centre, University of AlmeríaDepartment of Economics and Business, CIED Research Centre, University of AlmeríaAbstract Despite the social, health, law enforcement, and economic importance of illegal drug supply, the lack of information and understanding regarding these supply chains stands out. This paper carries out a disaggregated analysis of the structure of the hashish supply chain from Morocco to Europe to explain the value contributions at each level, the end-price formation, and the supply chain management practices. The methodology adopted is based on a mixed method of data collection where the primary data are gathered from field interviews with cannabis producers and dealers and secondary information is obtained from official statistics, research papers, informational reports, and documentaries. We review supply and value chain frameworks through the lens of cost–benefit analysis. Our main findings show an unequal contribution on the part of the different levels of distribution, with end-user prices increasing by 7000% of the cost of production during the supply chain. The chain also has high variable costs but limited fixed ones, exacerbating the lack of stability and fostering continuous adaptation. We also detect a reluctance to raise end-user prices but a great propensity to change quality. This research may have implications for several stakeholders. In the case of dealers, we find that they have created a supply-push system thanks to their dominant power, leaning on information sharing as a source of resilience. In the case of law enforcement, we delve into the operational functioning of the drug chain and the reasons for its survival. For financial investigation operations, unknown or unrealized economic parameters are quantified. For development agencies, the need to implement alternative development programs for producers is evidenced. Finally, for health authorities, we highlight the consequences of seizures and prohibitions of hashish trafficking on the deterioration of the quality of hashish and the subsequently added health hazards for end-users.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01770-3 |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Sánchez-Pérez María Belén Marín-Carrillo María Dolores Illescas-Manzano Zohair Souilim Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |
| title | Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe |
| title_full | Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe |
| title_short | Understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure: a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to Europe |
| title_sort | understanding the illegal drug supply chain structure a value chain analysis of the supply of hashish to europe |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01770-3 |
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