Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
Psychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains o...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/1/158 |
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| author | Haisheng Liu Guiliang Zheng Zhongwei Chen Xiaoya Ding Jinran Wu Haili Zhang Shulei Jia |
| author_facet | Haisheng Liu Guiliang Zheng Zhongwei Chen Xiaoya Ding Jinran Wu Haili Zhang Shulei Jia |
| author_sort | Haisheng Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Psychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains of psychrophilic yeasts, which cannot be used to reveal their possible psychrophilic mechanisms to adapt to low temperatures accurately and comprehensively. This study aimed to compare different sources of psychrophilic yeasts at the genomic level and investigate their cold-adaptability mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. Nine genomes of known psychrophilic yeasts and three representative genomes of mesophilic yeasts were collected and annotated. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to compare the differences in their signaling pathways, metabolic regulations, evolution, and psychrophilic genes. The results showed that fatty acid desaturase coding genes are universal and diverse in psychophilic yeasts, and different numbers of these genes exist (delta 6, delta 9, delta 12, and delta 15) in the genomes of various psychrophilic yeasts. Therefore, they can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a variety of ways and may be able to enhance the fluidity of cell membranes at low temperatures by synthesizing C18:3 or C18:4 PUFAs, thereby ensuring their ability to adapt to low-temperature environments. However, mesophilic yeasts have lost most of these genes. In this study, psychrophilic yeasts could adapt to low temperatures primarily by synthesizing PUFAs and diverse antifreeze proteins. A comparison of more psychrophilic yeasts’ genomes will be useful for the study of their psychrophilic mechanisms, given the presence of additional potential psychrophilic-related genes in the genomes of psychrophilic yeasts. This study provides a reference for the study of the psychrophilic mechanisms of psychrophilic yeasts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-845f02b21ec14400a9f59274372c2dcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-845f02b21ec14400a9f59274372c2dcb2023-11-30T22:24:27ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-01-0114115810.3390/genes14010158Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold EnvironmentsHaisheng Liu0Guiliang Zheng1Zhongwei Chen2Xiaoya Ding3Jinran Wu4Haili Zhang5Shulei Jia6College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaNantong Ocean Centre of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Nantong 226002, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaPsychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains of psychrophilic yeasts, which cannot be used to reveal their possible psychrophilic mechanisms to adapt to low temperatures accurately and comprehensively. This study aimed to compare different sources of psychrophilic yeasts at the genomic level and investigate their cold-adaptability mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. Nine genomes of known psychrophilic yeasts and three representative genomes of mesophilic yeasts were collected and annotated. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to compare the differences in their signaling pathways, metabolic regulations, evolution, and psychrophilic genes. The results showed that fatty acid desaturase coding genes are universal and diverse in psychophilic yeasts, and different numbers of these genes exist (delta 6, delta 9, delta 12, and delta 15) in the genomes of various psychrophilic yeasts. Therefore, they can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a variety of ways and may be able to enhance the fluidity of cell membranes at low temperatures by synthesizing C18:3 or C18:4 PUFAs, thereby ensuring their ability to adapt to low-temperature environments. However, mesophilic yeasts have lost most of these genes. In this study, psychrophilic yeasts could adapt to low temperatures primarily by synthesizing PUFAs and diverse antifreeze proteins. A comparison of more psychrophilic yeasts’ genomes will be useful for the study of their psychrophilic mechanisms, given the presence of additional potential psychrophilic-related genes in the genomes of psychrophilic yeasts. This study provides a reference for the study of the psychrophilic mechanisms of psychrophilic yeasts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/1/158psychrophilic and mesophilic yeastcomparative genomicsfatty acid desaturaseantifreeze/ice-structuring proteinschilling tolerance analysis |
| spellingShingle | Haisheng Liu Guiliang Zheng Zhongwei Chen Xiaoya Ding Jinran Wu Haili Zhang Shulei Jia Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments Genes psychrophilic and mesophilic yeast comparative genomics fatty acid desaturase antifreeze/ice-structuring proteins chilling tolerance analysis |
| title | Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments |
| title_full | Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments |
| title_fullStr | Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments |
| title_short | Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments |
| title_sort | psychrophilic yeasts insights into their adaptability to extremely cold environments |
| topic | psychrophilic and mesophilic yeast comparative genomics fatty acid desaturase antifreeze/ice-structuring proteins chilling tolerance analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/1/158 |
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