Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing
Across disciplines and length scales, alloying of metals is a common and necessary strategy to optimise materials performance. While the manufacturing of alloys in bulk and thin film form is well understood, the fabrication of alloyed 3D nanostructures with precise control over the composition remai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523007797 |
| _version_ | 1797647897634799616 |
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| author | Nikolaus Porenta Mirco Nydegger Maxence Menétrey Souzan Hammadi Alain Reiser Ralph Spolenak |
| author_facet | Nikolaus Porenta Mirco Nydegger Maxence Menétrey Souzan Hammadi Alain Reiser Ralph Spolenak |
| author_sort | Nikolaus Porenta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Across disciplines and length scales, alloying of metals is a common and necessary strategy to optimise materials performance. While the manufacturing of alloys in bulk and thin film form is well understood, the fabrication of alloyed 3D nanostructures with precise control over the composition remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing from mixed metal salt solutions is a versatile approach for the 3D nanofabrication of alloys. We propose that the droplet-by-droplet nature of the electrohydrodynamic redox printing process allows straightforward electroplating of alloys with composition solely controlled by the composition of the electrolyte solution, independent of the reduction potential of the involved cations. As a demonstration of the direct control of composition, we deposit binary and ternary alloys of Ag, Cu and Zn. TEM microstructure analysis indicates homogeneous alloying at the nanoscale and the formation of a metastable solid-solution phase for Ag-Cu and a two phase system for Ag-Cu-Zn alloys. The straightforward approach to alloying with an electrochemical technique promises novel opportunities for optimisation of properties of 3D nanofabricated metals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:24:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8461835e66284d7bb4ccb58ebc81d40e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:24:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-8461835e66284d7bb4ccb58ebc81d40e2023-10-28T05:06:39ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752023-10-01234112364Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printingNikolaus Porenta0Mirco Nydegger1Maxence Menétrey2Souzan Hammadi3Alain Reiser4Ralph Spolenak5Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Structural Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, SwedenLaboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA-02139 Cambridge, United States of AmericaLaboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Corresponding author.Across disciplines and length scales, alloying of metals is a common and necessary strategy to optimise materials performance. While the manufacturing of alloys in bulk and thin film form is well understood, the fabrication of alloyed 3D nanostructures with precise control over the composition remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing from mixed metal salt solutions is a versatile approach for the 3D nanofabrication of alloys. We propose that the droplet-by-droplet nature of the electrohydrodynamic redox printing process allows straightforward electroplating of alloys with composition solely controlled by the composition of the electrolyte solution, independent of the reduction potential of the involved cations. As a demonstration of the direct control of composition, we deposit binary and ternary alloys of Ag, Cu and Zn. TEM microstructure analysis indicates homogeneous alloying at the nanoscale and the formation of a metastable solid-solution phase for Ag-Cu and a two phase system for Ag-Cu-Zn alloys. The straightforward approach to alloying with an electrochemical technique promises novel opportunities for optimisation of properties of 3D nanofabricated metals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523007797MicroscaleNanoscale3D printingAlloysCopperSilver |
| spellingShingle | Nikolaus Porenta Mirco Nydegger Maxence Menétrey Souzan Hammadi Alain Reiser Ralph Spolenak Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing Materials & Design Microscale Nanoscale 3D printing Alloys Copper Silver |
| title | Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing |
| title_full | Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing |
| title_fullStr | Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing |
| title_short | Micron-scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing |
| title_sort | micron scale additive manufacturing of binary and ternary alloys by electrohydrodynamic redox 3d printing |
| topic | Microscale Nanoscale 3D printing Alloys Copper Silver |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523007797 |
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