<i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells
<i>Alnus sibirica</i> (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3830 |
| _version_ | 1797529025594261504 |
|---|---|
| author | Seo-Yeon Seonu Min-Ji Kim Jun Yin Min-Won Lee |
| author_facet | Seo-Yeon Seonu Min-Ji Kim Jun Yin Min-Won Lee |
| author_sort | Seo-Yeon Seonu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin (<b>1</b>), hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), and hirsutanonol (<b>3</b>), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone (<b>2</b>) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin (<b>1</b>) and hirsutanonol (<b>3</b>). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:07:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-846c196f547d41c6b63aae0510f7dfe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:07:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-846c196f547d41c6b63aae0510f7dfe02023-11-22T01:24:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-012613383010.3390/molecules26133830<i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer CellsSeo-Yeon Seonu0Min-Ji Kim1Jun Yin2Min-Won Lee3Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, KoreaLaboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, KoreaLaboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, KoreaLaboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea<i>Alnus sibirica</i> (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin (<b>1</b>), hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), and hirsutanonol (<b>3</b>), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone (<b>2</b>) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin (<b>1</b>) and hirsutanonol (<b>3</b>). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone (<b>2</b>), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3830<i>Alnus sibirica</i>hirsutenoneprostate cancercancer preventionDNA methylation |
| spellingShingle | Seo-Yeon Seonu Min-Ji Kim Jun Yin Min-Won Lee <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells Molecules <i>Alnus sibirica</i> hirsutenone prostate cancer cancer prevention DNA methylation |
| title | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_full | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_short | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and <i>GSTP1</i> Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | i alnus sibirica i compounds exhibiting anti proliferative apoptosis inducing and i gstp1 i demethylating effects on prostate cancer cells |
| topic | <i>Alnus sibirica</i> hirsutenone prostate cancer cancer prevention DNA methylation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3830 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seoyeonseonu ialnussibiricaicompoundsexhibitingantiproliferativeapoptosisinducingandigstp1idemethylatingeffectsonprostatecancercells AT minjikim ialnussibiricaicompoundsexhibitingantiproliferativeapoptosisinducingandigstp1idemethylatingeffectsonprostatecancercells AT junyin ialnussibiricaicompoundsexhibitingantiproliferativeapoptosisinducingandigstp1idemethylatingeffectsonprostatecancercells AT minwonlee ialnussibiricaicompoundsexhibitingantiproliferativeapoptosisinducingandigstp1idemethylatingeffectsonprostatecancercells |