Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout
Natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family of proteins, a group of antioxidants that has been extensively studied in mammals. Recently, we identified NKEF in the immunoprecipitated proteome of rainbow trout red blood cells (RBCs) exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemi...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Veronica Chico Maria Elizabhet Salvador-Mira Ivan Nombela Sara Puente-Marin Luis Perez Luis Mercado Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan |
| author_facet | Veronica Chico Maria Elizabhet Salvador-Mira Ivan Nombela Sara Puente-Marin Luis Perez Luis Mercado Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan |
| author_sort | Veronica Chico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family of proteins, a group of antioxidants that has been extensively studied in mammals. Recently, we identified NKEF in the immunoprecipitated proteome of rainbow trout red blood cells (RBCs) exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In the present study, we evaluated the role of NKEF in the antiviral response of rainbow trout against VHSV by examining the expression profile of NKEF in VHSV-exposed RBCs and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) cell line. We found an in vitro correlation between decreased VHSV replication and increased NKEF expression after RBCs were exposed to VHSV, however this was not found in RTG-2 cells where the infection highly increased and <i>nkef</i> transcripts remained almost unchanged. In addition, siRNA silencing of the <i>nkef</i> gene in rainbow trout RBCs and RTG-2 cells resulted in increased VHSV replication. We also found a correlation between <i>nkef</i> gene silencing and a decrease in the expression of genes related to type 1 interferon (IFN1) pathway. These findings indicated that NKEF is involved in the antiviral mechanisms of rainbow trout RBCs against VHSV and thus support its antiviral role and implication in the modulation of their immune response. Finally, overexpression of NKEF in an EPC cell line significantly reduced VHSV infectivity and was coupled to an increment in IFN1-related genes. In conclusion, NKEF may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against viral infections. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-84849a7779f648bd9e51c71af4913c872023-11-22T17:28:58ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-10-011010104510.3390/biology10101045Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow TroutVeronica Chico0Maria Elizabhet Salvador-Mira1Ivan Nombela2Sara Puente-Marin3Luis Perez4Luis Mercado5Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan6Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainInstituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, ChileInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH), 03202 Elche, SpainNatural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family of proteins, a group of antioxidants that has been extensively studied in mammals. Recently, we identified NKEF in the immunoprecipitated proteome of rainbow trout red blood cells (RBCs) exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In the present study, we evaluated the role of NKEF in the antiviral response of rainbow trout against VHSV by examining the expression profile of NKEF in VHSV-exposed RBCs and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) cell line. We found an in vitro correlation between decreased VHSV replication and increased NKEF expression after RBCs were exposed to VHSV, however this was not found in RTG-2 cells where the infection highly increased and <i>nkef</i> transcripts remained almost unchanged. In addition, siRNA silencing of the <i>nkef</i> gene in rainbow trout RBCs and RTG-2 cells resulted in increased VHSV replication. We also found a correlation between <i>nkef</i> gene silencing and a decrease in the expression of genes related to type 1 interferon (IFN1) pathway. These findings indicated that NKEF is involved in the antiviral mechanisms of rainbow trout RBCs against VHSV and thus support its antiviral role and implication in the modulation of their immune response. Finally, overexpression of NKEF in an EPC cell line significantly reduced VHSV infectivity and was coupled to an increment in IFN1-related genes. In conclusion, NKEF may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/10/1045erythrocytered blood cellsNKEFperoxiredoxinrainbow troutVHSV |
| spellingShingle | Veronica Chico Maria Elizabhet Salvador-Mira Ivan Nombela Sara Puente-Marin Luis Perez Luis Mercado Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout Biology erythrocyte red blood cells NKEF peroxiredoxin rainbow trout VHSV |
| title | Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout |
| title_full | Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout |
| title_fullStr | Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout |
| title_short | Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout |
| title_sort | antiviral function of nkef against vhsv in rainbow trout |
| topic | erythrocyte red blood cells NKEF peroxiredoxin rainbow trout VHSV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/10/1045 |
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