Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review
Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted mainly through the feces/urine of infected triatomine bugs. The acute phase lasts 2–3 months and is characterized by high parasitemia and nonspecific symptoms, whereas the lifelong chronic phase features sym...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05476-4 |
| _version_ | 1811236377827737600 |
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| author | Natália Erdens Maron Freitas Fernanda Lopes Habib Emily Ferreira Santos Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva Natália Dantas Fontes Leonardo Maia Leony Daniel Dias Sampaio Marcio Cerqueira de Almeida Filipe Dantas-Torres Fred Luciano Neves Santos |
| author_facet | Natália Erdens Maron Freitas Fernanda Lopes Habib Emily Ferreira Santos Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva Natália Dantas Fontes Leonardo Maia Leony Daniel Dias Sampaio Marcio Cerqueira de Almeida Filipe Dantas-Torres Fred Luciano Neves Santos |
| author_sort | Natália Erdens Maron Freitas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted mainly through the feces/urine of infected triatomine bugs. The acute phase lasts 2–3 months and is characterized by high parasitemia and nonspecific symptoms, whereas the lifelong chronic phase features symptoms affecting the heart and/or digestive tract occurring in 30–40% of infected individuals. As in humans, cardiac abnormalities are observed in T. cruzi-infected dogs and cats. We reviewed the technological advances in the serological diagnosis of CD in dogs and cats. Methods A review of the published literature during the last 54 years (1968–2022) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CD in dogs and cats was conducted. Results Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 436 publications. Of these, 84 original studies were considered for inclusion in this review. Dogs and cats are considered as sentinels, potentially indicating an active T. cruzi transmission and thus the risk for human infection. Although dogs and cats are reputed to be important for maintaining the T. cruzi domestic transmission cycle, there are no commercial tests to detect past or active infections in these animals. Most published research on CD in dogs and cats have used in-house serological tests prepared with native and/or full-length recombinant antigens, resulting in variable diagnostic performance. In recent years, chimeric antigens have been used to improve the diagnosis of chronic CD in humans with encouraging results. Some of them have high performance values (> 95%) and extremely low cross-reactivity rates for Leishmania spp., especially the antigens IBMP-8.1 to IBMP-8.4. The diagnostic performance of IBMP antigens was also investigated in dogs, showing high diagnostic performance with negligible cross-reactivity with anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Conclusions The development of a commercial immunodiagnostic tool to identify past or active T. cruzi infections in dogs and cats is urgently needed. The use of chimeric recombinant T. cruzi antigens may help to fill this gap and is discussed in this review. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:08:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-848881870b0f4642bd6eae8ed6bed7ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:08:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-848881870b0f4642bd6eae8ed6bed7ed2022-12-22T03:33:39ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052022-09-0115112010.1186/s13071-022-05476-4Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic reviewNatália Erdens Maron Freitas0Fernanda Lopes Habib1Emily Ferreira Santos2Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva3Natália Dantas Fontes4Leonardo Maia Leony5Daniel Dias Sampaio6Marcio Cerqueira de Almeida7Filipe Dantas-Torres8Fred Luciano Neves Santos9Advanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationBrazil’s Family Health Strategy, Municipal Health Department, Tremedal City HallPathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAdvanced Health Public Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAbstract Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted mainly through the feces/urine of infected triatomine bugs. The acute phase lasts 2–3 months and is characterized by high parasitemia and nonspecific symptoms, whereas the lifelong chronic phase features symptoms affecting the heart and/or digestive tract occurring in 30–40% of infected individuals. As in humans, cardiac abnormalities are observed in T. cruzi-infected dogs and cats. We reviewed the technological advances in the serological diagnosis of CD in dogs and cats. Methods A review of the published literature during the last 54 years (1968–2022) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CD in dogs and cats was conducted. Results Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 436 publications. Of these, 84 original studies were considered for inclusion in this review. Dogs and cats are considered as sentinels, potentially indicating an active T. cruzi transmission and thus the risk for human infection. Although dogs and cats are reputed to be important for maintaining the T. cruzi domestic transmission cycle, there are no commercial tests to detect past or active infections in these animals. Most published research on CD in dogs and cats have used in-house serological tests prepared with native and/or full-length recombinant antigens, resulting in variable diagnostic performance. In recent years, chimeric antigens have been used to improve the diagnosis of chronic CD in humans with encouraging results. Some of them have high performance values (> 95%) and extremely low cross-reactivity rates for Leishmania spp., especially the antigens IBMP-8.1 to IBMP-8.4. The diagnostic performance of IBMP antigens was also investigated in dogs, showing high diagnostic performance with negligible cross-reactivity with anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Conclusions The development of a commercial immunodiagnostic tool to identify past or active T. cruzi infections in dogs and cats is urgently needed. The use of chimeric recombinant T. cruzi antigens may help to fill this gap and is discussed in this review. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05476-4Trypanosoma cruziDogsCatsDiagnosisSerologyEpidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Natália Erdens Maron Freitas Fernanda Lopes Habib Emily Ferreira Santos Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva Natália Dantas Fontes Leonardo Maia Leony Daniel Dias Sampaio Marcio Cerqueira de Almeida Filipe Dantas-Torres Fred Luciano Neves Santos Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review Parasites & Vectors Trypanosoma cruzi Dogs Cats Diagnosis Serology Epidemiology |
| title | Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review |
| title_full | Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review |
| title_short | Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review |
| title_sort | technological advances in the serological diagnosis of chagas disease in dogs and cats a systematic review |
| topic | Trypanosoma cruzi Dogs Cats Diagnosis Serology Epidemiology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05476-4 |
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