A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology coupled with fingerprinting provides a simple way to position users with high accuracy in indoor environments. In this paper, we study the effect of BLE protocols and channels on indoor positioning using different distance and similarity measures in a controlled...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2018-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8360100/ |
| _version_ | 1818379658923606016 |
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| author | Gabriel De Blasio Alexis Quesada-Arencibia Carmelo R. Garcia Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Rodriguez Roberto Moreno-Diaz |
| author_facet | Gabriel De Blasio Alexis Quesada-Arencibia Carmelo R. Garcia Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Rodriguez Roberto Moreno-Diaz |
| author_sort | Gabriel De Blasio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology coupled with fingerprinting provides a simple way to position users with high accuracy in indoor environments. In this paper, we study the effect of BLE protocols and channels on indoor positioning using different distance and similarity measures in a controlled environment. With the aim of reproducing a real positioning system situation, we also study the effect of the user's orientation in the positioning phase and, consequently, provide accuracy and precision results for each orientation. In a 168-m<sup>2</sup> testbed, 12 beacons configured to broadcast with the Eddystone and iBeacon protocols were deployed and 40 distance/similarity measures were considered. According to our results, in a specific orientation there is a group of distance metrics coupled with a protocol-channel combination that produces similar accuracy results. Therefore, choosing the right distance metric in that specific orientation is not as critical as choosing the right protocol and, especially, the right channel. There is a trend whereby the protocol-channel combination that provides the best accuracy is almost unique for each orientation. Depending on the orientation, the accuracies obtained for the above mentioned group of distances are within the range of 1.1-1.5 m and the precisions are 90% within the range of 1.5-2.5 m. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:06:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-848f9b77ac39453cbfd00fd6a6c3bb63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:06:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-848f9b77ac39453cbfd00fd6a6c3bb632022-12-21T23:20:53ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362018-01-016334403345010.1109/ACCESS.2018.28374978360100A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low EnergyGabriel De Blasio0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-567XAlexis Quesada-Arencibia1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-5124Carmelo R. Garcia2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-3730Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Rodriguez3Roberto Moreno-Diaz4Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Cibernéticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, SpainInstituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Cibernéticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, SpainInstituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Cibernéticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, SpainInstituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Cibernéticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, SpainInstituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Cibernéticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, SpainBluetooth low energy (BLE) technology coupled with fingerprinting provides a simple way to position users with high accuracy in indoor environments. In this paper, we study the effect of BLE protocols and channels on indoor positioning using different distance and similarity measures in a controlled environment. With the aim of reproducing a real positioning system situation, we also study the effect of the user's orientation in the positioning phase and, consequently, provide accuracy and precision results for each orientation. In a 168-m<sup>2</sup> testbed, 12 beacons configured to broadcast with the Eddystone and iBeacon protocols were deployed and 40 distance/similarity measures were considered. According to our results, in a specific orientation there is a group of distance metrics coupled with a protocol-channel combination that produces similar accuracy results. Therefore, choosing the right distance metric in that specific orientation is not as critical as choosing the right protocol and, especially, the right channel. There is a trend whereby the protocol-channel combination that provides the best accuracy is almost unique for each orientation. Depending on the orientation, the accuracies obtained for the above mentioned group of distances are within the range of 1.1-1.5 m and the precisions are 90% within the range of 1.5-2.5 m.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8360100/Bluetooth low energyindoor positioningfingerprintingdistance and similarity measureprotocolchannel |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel De Blasio Alexis Quesada-Arencibia Carmelo R. Garcia Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Rodriguez Roberto Moreno-Diaz A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy IEEE Access Bluetooth low energy indoor positioning fingerprinting distance and similarity measure protocol channel |
| title | A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy |
| title_full | A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy |
| title_fullStr | A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy |
| title_short | A Protocol-Channel-Based Indoor Positioning Performance Study for Bluetooth Low Energy |
| title_sort | protocol channel based indoor positioning performance study for bluetooth low energy |
| topic | Bluetooth low energy indoor positioning fingerprinting distance and similarity measure protocol channel |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8360100/ |
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