Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is an alteration of the action of insulin in cells, which do not respond adequately to this action, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. IR produces a very diverse clinical picture and increases the cardiometabolic risk of the population that suffers fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/24/5122 |
| _version_ | 1797379788872089600 |
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| author | Miguel Mestre Font Carla Busquets-Cortés José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent Pilar Tomás-Gil Hernán Paublini Ángel Arturo López-González |
| author_facet | Miguel Mestre Font Carla Busquets-Cortés José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent Pilar Tomás-Gil Hernán Paublini Ángel Arturo López-González |
| author_sort | Miguel Mestre Font |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is an alteration of the action of insulin in cells, which do not respond adequately to this action, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. IR produces a very diverse clinical picture and increases the cardiometabolic risk of the population that suffers from it. Among the factors that influence IR are genetics, unhealthy lifestyle habits, overweight, and obesity. The objective of this work was to determine how different sociodemographic variables and healthy habits influence the values of different scales that assess the risk of presenting IR in a group of Spanish workers. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 386,924 workers from different Spanish regions. Different sociodemographic variables and lifestyle habits were studied (age, social class, educational level, smoking, Mediterranean diet, physical exercise) along with their association with four scales to evaluate the risk of insulin resistance (TyG index, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, TG/HDL-c). To analyse the quantitative variables, Student’s <i>t</i> test was used, while the Chi-squared test was used for the qualitative variables. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, calculating the odds ratio with its 95% confidence intervals. The accepted level of statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Results: In the multivariate analysis, all variables, except educational level, increased the risk of presenting high values on the IR risk scales, especially a sedentary lifestyle and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an association between the practice of regular physical exercise and a reduction in the risk of IR; a strong role of the Mediterranean diet as a protective factor for IR; an association between aging and increased IR, which has also been suggested in other studies; and, finally, a relationship between a low socioeconomic level and an increase in IR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:28:06Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:28:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-849123191cfe4893920e324ce6af0a6e2023-12-22T14:30:16ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-12-011524512210.3390/nu15245122Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish WorkersMiguel Mestre Font0Carla Busquets-Cortés1José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent2Pilar Tomás-Gil3Hernán Paublini4Ángel Arturo López-González5ADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainADEMA-Health Group, Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, SpainBackground: Insulin resistance (IR) is an alteration of the action of insulin in cells, which do not respond adequately to this action, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. IR produces a very diverse clinical picture and increases the cardiometabolic risk of the population that suffers from it. Among the factors that influence IR are genetics, unhealthy lifestyle habits, overweight, and obesity. The objective of this work was to determine how different sociodemographic variables and healthy habits influence the values of different scales that assess the risk of presenting IR in a group of Spanish workers. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 386,924 workers from different Spanish regions. Different sociodemographic variables and lifestyle habits were studied (age, social class, educational level, smoking, Mediterranean diet, physical exercise) along with their association with four scales to evaluate the risk of insulin resistance (TyG index, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, TG/HDL-c). To analyse the quantitative variables, Student’s <i>t</i> test was used, while the Chi-squared test was used for the qualitative variables. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, calculating the odds ratio with its 95% confidence intervals. The accepted level of statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Results: In the multivariate analysis, all variables, except educational level, increased the risk of presenting high values on the IR risk scales, especially a sedentary lifestyle and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an association between the practice of regular physical exercise and a reduction in the risk of IR; a strong role of the Mediterranean diet as a protective factor for IR; an association between aging and increased IR, which has also been suggested in other studies; and, finally, a relationship between a low socioeconomic level and an increase in IR.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/24/5122insulin resistancesmokingphysical exercisesocial classMediterranean diet |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Mestre Font Carla Busquets-Cortés José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent Pilar Tomás-Gil Hernán Paublini Ángel Arturo López-González Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers Nutrients insulin resistance smoking physical exercise social class Mediterranean diet |
| title | Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers |
| title_full | Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers |
| title_short | Influence of Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits on the Values of Insulin Resistance Indicators in 386,924 Spanish Workers |
| title_sort | influence of sociodemographic variables and healthy habits on the values of insulin resistance indicators in 386 924 spanish workers |
| topic | insulin resistance smoking physical exercise social class Mediterranean diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/24/5122 |
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