Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>
There was a development of low-level tolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> after sublethal adaptation to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). Using eight <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, we determined the changes in short-range...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1052 |
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| author | Divya Kode Ramakrishna Nannapaneni Mohit Bansal Sam Chang Wen-Hsing Cheng Chander S. Sharma Aaron Kiess |
| author_facet | Divya Kode Ramakrishna Nannapaneni Mohit Bansal Sam Chang Wen-Hsing Cheng Chander S. Sharma Aaron Kiess |
| author_sort | Divya Kode |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There was a development of low-level tolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> after sublethal adaptation to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). Using eight <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, we determined the changes in short-range MIC, growth rate, and survival for heterologous stress response to ciprofloxacin, after sublethal exposure to daily cycles of fixed or gradually increasing concentration of QAC. Three main findings were observed. (1) MIC increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations exhibited a significant increase in short-range MIC of ciprofloxacin, by 1.5 to 2.9 fold, as compared to non-adapted control for 4/8 strains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (2) Growth rate increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations exhibited significant 2.1- to 6.8- fold increase in growth rate (OD<sub>600</sub> at 10 h) in ciprofloxacin-containing broth, as compared to non-adapted control for 5/8 strains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (3) Survival increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> yielded significantly higher survival in ciprofloxacin-containing agar by 2.2 to 4.3 log CFU/mL for 4/8 strains, as compared to non-adapted control (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). However, for other 4/8 strains of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, there was no increase in survival of QAC-adapted subpopulations, as compared to non-adapted control in ciprofloxacin. These findings suggest the potential formation of low-level ciprofloxacin-tolerant subpopulations in some <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains when exposed to residual QAC concentrations (where QAC might be used widely) and such cells if not inactivated might create food safety risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:57Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-849cbbe43b9d4095b5e3603079404d312023-11-21T19:35:24ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-05-0195105210.3390/microorganisms9051052Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>Divya Kode0Ramakrishna Nannapaneni1Mohit Bansal2Sam Chang3Wen-Hsing Cheng4Chander S. Sharma5Aaron Kiess6Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAPoultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAPoultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAPoultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAThere was a development of low-level tolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> after sublethal adaptation to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). Using eight <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, we determined the changes in short-range MIC, growth rate, and survival for heterologous stress response to ciprofloxacin, after sublethal exposure to daily cycles of fixed or gradually increasing concentration of QAC. Three main findings were observed. (1) MIC increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations exhibited a significant increase in short-range MIC of ciprofloxacin, by 1.5 to 2.9 fold, as compared to non-adapted control for 4/8 strains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (2) Growth rate increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations exhibited significant 2.1- to 6.8- fold increase in growth rate (OD<sub>600</sub> at 10 h) in ciprofloxacin-containing broth, as compared to non-adapted control for 5/8 strains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (3) Survival increase—QAC-adapted subpopulations of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> yielded significantly higher survival in ciprofloxacin-containing agar by 2.2 to 4.3 log CFU/mL for 4/8 strains, as compared to non-adapted control (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). However, for other 4/8 strains of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, there was no increase in survival of QAC-adapted subpopulations, as compared to non-adapted control in ciprofloxacin. These findings suggest the potential formation of low-level ciprofloxacin-tolerant subpopulations in some <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains when exposed to residual QAC concentrations (where QAC might be used widely) and such cells if not inactivated might create food safety risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1052<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>QACsublethal adaptationbiocidesciprofloxacinantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Divya Kode Ramakrishna Nannapaneni Mohit Bansal Sam Chang Wen-Hsing Cheng Chander S. Sharma Aaron Kiess Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Microorganisms <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> QAC sublethal adaptation biocides ciprofloxacin antibiotics |
| title | Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> |
| title_full | Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> |
| title_fullStr | Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> |
| title_short | Low-Level Tolerance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in QAC-Adapted Subpopulations of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> |
| title_sort | low level tolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in qac adapted subpopulations of i listeria monocytogenes i |
| topic | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> QAC sublethal adaptation biocides ciprofloxacin antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1052 |
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