Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells
To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2023000100649&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1797773083777433600 |
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| author | Y. Tafurt-Cardona P. Suares-Rocha B.O. Silva K.C.M. Moraes M.A. Marin-Morales |
| author_facet | Y. Tafurt-Cardona P. Suares-Rocha B.O. Silva K.C.M. Moraes M.A. Marin-Morales |
| author_sort | Y. Tafurt-Cardona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:01:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84b055d9449640ad8b7d342371dff470 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1414-431X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:01:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-84b055d9449640ad8b7d342371dff4702023-07-25T07:42:45ZengAssociação Brasileira de Divulgação CientíficaBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research1414-431X2023-07-015610.1590/1414-431x2023e12777Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cellsY. Tafurt-Cardonahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-2395P. Suares-Rochahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-0341B.O. Silvahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-2449K.C.M. Moraeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-8393M.A. Marin-Moraleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-0648To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2023000100649&tlng=enTemporary black hair dyeComet assayMicronucleus testGene expression |
| spellingShingle | Y. Tafurt-Cardona P. Suares-Rocha B.O. Silva K.C.M. Moraes M.A. Marin-Morales Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Temporary black hair dye Comet assay Micronucleus test Gene expression |
| title | Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells |
| title_full | Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells |
| title_fullStr | Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells |
| title_short | Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells |
| title_sort | toxic effects of arianor ebony hair dye on human cells |
| topic | Temporary black hair dye Comet assay Micronucleus test Gene expression |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2023000100649&tlng=en |
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