Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator
Densities of liquid oxide melts with melting temperatures above 2000 °C are required to establish mixing models in the liquid state for thermodynamic modeling and advanced additive manufacturing and laser welding of ceramics. Accurate measurements of molten rare earth oxide density were recently rep...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/822 |
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| author | Sergey V. Ushakov Jonas Niessen Dante G. Quirinale Robert Prieler Alexandra Navrotsky Rainer Telle |
| author_facet | Sergey V. Ushakov Jonas Niessen Dante G. Quirinale Robert Prieler Alexandra Navrotsky Rainer Telle |
| author_sort | Sergey V. Ushakov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Densities of liquid oxide melts with melting temperatures above 2000 °C are required to establish mixing models in the liquid state for thermodynamic modeling and advanced additive manufacturing and laser welding of ceramics. Accurate measurements of molten rare earth oxide density were recently reported from experiments with an electrostatic levitator on board the International Space Station. In this work, we present an approach to terrestrial measurements of density and thermal expansion of liquid oxides from high-speed videography using an aero-acoustic levitator with laser heating and machine vision algorithms. The following density values for liquid oxides at melting temperature were obtained: Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 4.6 ± 0.15; Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 8.4 ± 0.2; Zr<sub>0.9</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>1.95</sub> 4.7 ± 0.2; Zr<sub>0.95</sub>Y<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>1.975</sub> 4.9 ± 0.2; HfO<sub>2</sub> 8.2 ± 0.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The accuracy of density and thermal expansion measurements can be improved by employing backlight illumination, spectropyrometry and a multi-emitter acoustic levitator. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:15Z |
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| id | doaj.art-84cd2e0dbd904595b45898d94cdf3d1f |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-84cd2e0dbd904595b45898d94cdf3d1f2023-12-03T13:03:09ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-0114482210.3390/ma14040822Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic LevitatorSergey V. Ushakov0Jonas Niessen1Dante G. Quirinale2Robert Prieler3Alexandra Navrotsky4Rainer Telle5School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Materials of the Universe, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USAInstitut fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde/Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, GermanyNeutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAInstitut fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde/Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, GermanySchool of Molecular Sciences and Center for Materials of the Universe, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USAInstitut fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde/Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, GermanyDensities of liquid oxide melts with melting temperatures above 2000 °C are required to establish mixing models in the liquid state for thermodynamic modeling and advanced additive manufacturing and laser welding of ceramics. Accurate measurements of molten rare earth oxide density were recently reported from experiments with an electrostatic levitator on board the International Space Station. In this work, we present an approach to terrestrial measurements of density and thermal expansion of liquid oxides from high-speed videography using an aero-acoustic levitator with laser heating and machine vision algorithms. The following density values for liquid oxides at melting temperature were obtained: Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 4.6 ± 0.15; Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 8.4 ± 0.2; Zr<sub>0.9</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>1.95</sub> 4.7 ± 0.2; Zr<sub>0.95</sub>Y<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>1.975</sub> 4.9 ± 0.2; HfO<sub>2</sub> 8.2 ± 0.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The accuracy of density and thermal expansion measurements can be improved by employing backlight illumination, spectropyrometry and a multi-emitter acoustic levitator.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/822levitationrare earth oxideszirconiahafniameltingthermodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Sergey V. Ushakov Jonas Niessen Dante G. Quirinale Robert Prieler Alexandra Navrotsky Rainer Telle Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator Materials levitation rare earth oxides zirconia hafnia melting thermodynamics |
| title | Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator |
| title_full | Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator |
| title_fullStr | Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator |
| title_short | Measurements of Density of Liquid Oxides with an Aero-Acoustic Levitator |
| title_sort | measurements of density of liquid oxides with an aero acoustic levitator |
| topic | levitation rare earth oxides zirconia hafnia melting thermodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/822 |
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