Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver
Achieving repeatable and successful results without causing excessive collateral damage is of paramount importance for photothermal laser applications. Predetermined laser parameters cannot ensure patient safety and treatment success due to variance between optical and thermal characteristics among...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/237 |
| _version_ | 1797626338275753984 |
|---|---|
| author | Özgür Kaya İpek Düzgören İnci Çilesiz Murat Gülsoy |
| author_facet | Özgür Kaya İpek Düzgören İnci Çilesiz Murat Gülsoy |
| author_sort | Özgür Kaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Achieving repeatable and successful results without causing excessive collateral damage is of paramount importance for photothermal laser applications. Predetermined laser parameters cannot ensure patient safety and treatment success due to variance between optical and thermal characteristics among subjects. Controlling laser irradiation with tissue temperature feedback is the current gold standard for various photothermal treatments (PTT) which are rate processes described by the Arrhenius temperature integral. This study establishes the validity of our low-cost design that makes tissue surface temperature control during photothermal laser applications more accessible in resource limited clinical environments. We demonstrated the practical performance and potential of our system with ex-vivo bovine liver irradiation using an ytterbium fiber laser (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1071</mn><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) with two independent variables: laser power (3.4 W, 6.8 W and 10.2 W) and target surface temperature (55 °C, 65 °C and 75 °C). Our system efficiently maintained tissue surface temperatures at target values in all laser power groups. In contrast, fixed-dose application groups displayed a high final temperature range and variation in the control experiment. Temperature–time responses of samples varied significantly, in agreement with a wide range of optical and thermal coefficients. Long exposure duration groups (lower power, higher target temperature) displayed more radical differences suggesting a dominance of optical and thermal characteristics over the response. The low-cost surface-temperature-controlled medical laser system we have developed is capable of ensuring the success and reproducibility of PTT modalities and patient safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84d077783cf4475480a9ec8916c5bb63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-84d077783cf4475480a9ec8916c5bb632023-11-16T14:52:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-12-0113123710.3390/app13010237Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine LiverÖzgür Kaya0İpek Düzgören1İnci Çilesiz2Murat Gülsoy3Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Campus, Üsküdar, Istanbul 34684, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Campus, Üsküdar, Istanbul 34684, TurkeyBiomedical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Campus, Üsküdar, Istanbul 34684, TurkeyAchieving repeatable and successful results without causing excessive collateral damage is of paramount importance for photothermal laser applications. Predetermined laser parameters cannot ensure patient safety and treatment success due to variance between optical and thermal characteristics among subjects. Controlling laser irradiation with tissue temperature feedback is the current gold standard for various photothermal treatments (PTT) which are rate processes described by the Arrhenius temperature integral. This study establishes the validity of our low-cost design that makes tissue surface temperature control during photothermal laser applications more accessible in resource limited clinical environments. We demonstrated the practical performance and potential of our system with ex-vivo bovine liver irradiation using an ytterbium fiber laser (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1071</mn><mtext> </mtext><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) with two independent variables: laser power (3.4 W, 6.8 W and 10.2 W) and target surface temperature (55 °C, 65 °C and 75 °C). Our system efficiently maintained tissue surface temperatures at target values in all laser power groups. In contrast, fixed-dose application groups displayed a high final temperature range and variation in the control experiment. Temperature–time responses of samples varied significantly, in agreement with a wide range of optical and thermal coefficients. Long exposure duration groups (lower power, higher target temperature) displayed more radical differences suggesting a dominance of optical and thermal characteristics over the response. The low-cost surface-temperature-controlled medical laser system we have developed is capable of ensuring the success and reproducibility of PTT modalities and patient safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/237temperature regulationlaser controlmedical laser treatmentphotothermal interactions |
| spellingShingle | Özgür Kaya İpek Düzgören İnci Çilesiz Murat Gülsoy Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver Applied Sciences temperature regulation laser control medical laser treatment photothermal interactions |
| title | Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver |
| title_full | Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver |
| title_fullStr | Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver |
| title_short | Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver |
| title_sort | controlling laser irradiation with tissue temperature feedback enhances photothermal applications ex vivo evaluation on bovine liver |
| topic | temperature regulation laser control medical laser treatment photothermal interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/237 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ozgurkaya controllinglaserirradiationwithtissuetemperaturefeedbackenhancesphotothermalapplicationsexvivoevaluationonbovineliver AT ipekduzgoren controllinglaserirradiationwithtissuetemperaturefeedbackenhancesphotothermalapplicationsexvivoevaluationonbovineliver AT incicilesiz controllinglaserirradiationwithtissuetemperaturefeedbackenhancesphotothermalapplicationsexvivoevaluationonbovineliver AT muratgulsoy controllinglaserirradiationwithtissuetemperaturefeedbackenhancesphotothermalapplicationsexvivoevaluationonbovineliver |