Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options
Influenza B virus (IBV) significantly impacts the health and the economy of the global population. WHO global health estimates project 1 billion flu cases annually, with 3 to 5 million resulting in severe disease and 0.3 to 0.5 million influenza-related deaths worldwide. Influenza B virus epidemics...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/1/14 |
| _version_ | 1797344362055598080 |
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| author | Ghayyas Ud Din Kinza Hasham Muhammad Nabeel Amjad Yihong Hu |
| author_facet | Ghayyas Ud Din Kinza Hasham Muhammad Nabeel Amjad Yihong Hu |
| author_sort | Ghayyas Ud Din |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza B virus (IBV) significantly impacts the health and the economy of the global population. WHO global health estimates project 1 billion flu cases annually, with 3 to 5 million resulting in severe disease and 0.3 to 0.5 million influenza-related deaths worldwide. Influenza B virus epidemics result in significant economic losses due to healthcare expenses, reduced workforce productivity, and strain on healthcare systems. Influenza B virus epidemics, such as the 1987–1988 Yamagata lineage outbreak and the 2001–2002 Victoria lineage outbreak, had a significant global impact. IBV’s fast mutation and replication rates facilitate rapid adaptation to the environment, enabling the evasion of existing immunity and the development of resistance to virus-targeting treatments. This leads to annual outbreaks and necessitates the development of new vaccination formulations. This review aims to elucidate IBV’s evolutionary genomic organization and life cycle and provide an overview of anti-IBV drugs, resistance, treatment options, and prospects for IBV biology, emphasizing challenges in preventing and treating IBV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:01:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84d762bdb85f42cebe2c6f652a62f0fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:01:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-84d762bdb85f42cebe2c6f652a62f0fc2024-01-26T15:50:28ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452023-12-0146118319910.3390/cimb46010014Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic OptionsGhayyas Ud Din0Kinza Hasham1Muhammad Nabeel Amjad2Yihong Hu3CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, ChinaSundas Molecular Analysis Center, Sundas Foundation Gujranwala Punjab Pakistan, Gujranwala 50250, PakistanCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, ChinaInfluenza B virus (IBV) significantly impacts the health and the economy of the global population. WHO global health estimates project 1 billion flu cases annually, with 3 to 5 million resulting in severe disease and 0.3 to 0.5 million influenza-related deaths worldwide. Influenza B virus epidemics result in significant economic losses due to healthcare expenses, reduced workforce productivity, and strain on healthcare systems. Influenza B virus epidemics, such as the 1987–1988 Yamagata lineage outbreak and the 2001–2002 Victoria lineage outbreak, had a significant global impact. IBV’s fast mutation and replication rates facilitate rapid adaptation to the environment, enabling the evasion of existing immunity and the development of resistance to virus-targeting treatments. This leads to annual outbreaks and necessitates the development of new vaccination formulations. This review aims to elucidate IBV’s evolutionary genomic organization and life cycle and provide an overview of anti-IBV drugs, resistance, treatment options, and prospects for IBV biology, emphasizing challenges in preventing and treating IBV infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/1/14influenza B virustreatmenttherapeutic optionseconomic losses |
| spellingShingle | Ghayyas Ud Din Kinza Hasham Muhammad Nabeel Amjad Yihong Hu Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options Current Issues in Molecular Biology influenza B virus treatment therapeutic options economic losses |
| title | Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options |
| title_full | Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options |
| title_fullStr | Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options |
| title_short | Natural History of Influenza B Virus—Current Knowledge on Treatment, Resistance and Therapeutic Options |
| title_sort | natural history of influenza b virus current knowledge on treatment resistance and therapeutic options |
| topic | influenza B virus treatment therapeutic options economic losses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/1/14 |
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