Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates
The specification of the endostyle in non-vertebrate chordates and of the thyroid gland in vertebrates are fundamental steps in the evolution of the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling to coordinate development and body physiology in response to a range of environmental signals. The physiology and biolog...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3391 |
| _version_ | 1827673513848209408 |
|---|---|
| author | Alfonso Esposito Luca Ambrosino Silvano Piazza Salvatore D’Aniello Maria Luisa Chiusano Annamaria Locascio |
| author_facet | Alfonso Esposito Luca Ambrosino Silvano Piazza Salvatore D’Aniello Maria Luisa Chiusano Annamaria Locascio |
| author_sort | Alfonso Esposito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The specification of the endostyle in non-vertebrate chordates and of the thyroid gland in vertebrates are fundamental steps in the evolution of the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling to coordinate development and body physiology in response to a range of environmental signals. The physiology and biology of TH signaling in vertebrates have been studied in the past, but a complete understanding of such a complex system is still lacking. Non-model species from non-vertebrate chordates may greatly improve our understanding of the evolution of this complex endocrine pathway. Adaptation of already existing proteins in order to perform new roles is a common feature observed during the course of evolution. Through sequence similarity approaches, we investigated the presence of bona fide thyroid peroxidase (TPO), iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO), and thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) in non-vertebrate and vertebrate chordates. Additionally, we determined both the conservation and divergence degrees of functional domains at the protein level. This study supports the hypothesis that non-vertebrate chordates have a functional thyroid hormone signaling system and provides additional information about its possible evolutionary adaptation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84eec6ad3e3c423783b4bb82d5e012df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-84eec6ad3e3c423783b4bb82d5e012df2023-11-23T07:37:08ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-12-011012339110.3390/cells10123391Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in ChordatesAlfonso Esposito0Luca Ambrosino1Silvano Piazza2Salvatore D’Aniello3Maria Luisa Chiusano4Annamaria Locascio5Computational Biology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, ItalyComputational Biology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, ItalyThe specification of the endostyle in non-vertebrate chordates and of the thyroid gland in vertebrates are fundamental steps in the evolution of the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling to coordinate development and body physiology in response to a range of environmental signals. The physiology and biology of TH signaling in vertebrates have been studied in the past, but a complete understanding of such a complex system is still lacking. Non-model species from non-vertebrate chordates may greatly improve our understanding of the evolution of this complex endocrine pathway. Adaptation of already existing proteins in order to perform new roles is a common feature observed during the course of evolution. Through sequence similarity approaches, we investigated the presence of bona fide thyroid peroxidase (TPO), iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO), and thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) in non-vertebrate and vertebrate chordates. Additionally, we determined both the conservation and divergence degrees of functional domains at the protein level. This study supports the hypothesis that non-vertebrate chordates have a functional thyroid hormone signaling system and provides additional information about its possible evolutionary adaptation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3391endostylethyroid glandcomparative genomicsascidianscephalochordates |
| spellingShingle | Alfonso Esposito Luca Ambrosino Silvano Piazza Salvatore D’Aniello Maria Luisa Chiusano Annamaria Locascio Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates Cells endostyle thyroid gland comparative genomics ascidians cephalochordates |
| title | Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates |
| title_full | Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates |
| title_short | Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates |
| title_sort | evolutionary adaptation of the thyroid hormone signaling toolkit in chordates |
| topic | endostyle thyroid gland comparative genomics ascidians cephalochordates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3391 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alfonsoesposito evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates AT lucaambrosino evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates AT silvanopiazza evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates AT salvatoredaniello evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates AT marialuisachiusano evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates AT annamarialocascio evolutionaryadaptationofthethyroidhormonesignalingtoolkitinchordates |