Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation
Abstract The rapid growth in power demand, integration of renewable energy sources (RES), and intermittent uncertainties have significantly challenged the stability and reliability of interconnected power systems. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs), with their bidirectional power flow, furth...
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| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| 丛编: | Scientific Reports |
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| 在线阅读: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89025-w |
| _version_ | 1826586097608556544 |
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| author | Benazeer Begum Narendra Kumar Jena Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop |
| author_facet | Benazeer Begum Narendra Kumar Jena Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop |
| author_sort | Benazeer Begum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The rapid growth in power demand, integration of renewable energy sources (RES), and intermittent uncertainties have significantly challenged the stability and reliability of interconnected power systems. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs), with their bidirectional power flow, further exacerbates the frequency fluctuation in the power system. So, to mitigate the frequency & power deviations as well as to stabilize the power system integrated with distributed generators (DGs) and EVs, robust & intelligent control strategies are indispensable. This study dedicates a novel Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controller (FSMC) utilized for load frequency control (LFC). First, the dynamic response has been evaluated by using a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), showcasing its robustness against external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Second, to enhance the performance, fuzzy logic is integrated with SMC, leveraging its adaptability to create the FSMC controller. This FSMC has achieved the superiority by handling non-linearities, communication delays and parameter variations in the system. A significant contribution like the design and tuning of the controllers using a Modified Gannet Optimization Algorithm (MGOA) has been established. The potential of MGOA over GOA has been corroborated by convergence speed and precision through benchmark functions. Furthermore, the paper extensively analyzes the impact of EV integration to the frequency and tie-line power dynamics under varying regulation capacities and uncertain operating conditions. Comparative studies demonstrate that the MGOA-tuned FSMC achieves faster settling times, reduced overshoot, and improved stability metrics compared to conventional and state-of-the-art methods. Finally, the MATLAB-based simulation results are validated through real-time implementation on the OPAL-RT 4510 platform, confirming the robustness and practicality of the proposed methodology in addressing modern power system challenges involving high renewable penetration and EV integration. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-14T16:04:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84f3518077e14b629f5fe9015c50de91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T16:04:07Z |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-84f3518077e14b629f5fe9015c50de912025-02-23T12:18:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115113610.1038/s41598-025-89025-wFrequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validationBenazeer Begum0Narendra Kumar Jena1Binod Kumar Sahu2Mohit Bajaj3Vojtech Blazek4Lukas Prokop5Department of Electrical Engineering, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)ENET Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of OstravaENET Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of OstravaAbstract The rapid growth in power demand, integration of renewable energy sources (RES), and intermittent uncertainties have significantly challenged the stability and reliability of interconnected power systems. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs), with their bidirectional power flow, further exacerbates the frequency fluctuation in the power system. So, to mitigate the frequency & power deviations as well as to stabilize the power system integrated with distributed generators (DGs) and EVs, robust & intelligent control strategies are indispensable. This study dedicates a novel Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controller (FSMC) utilized for load frequency control (LFC). First, the dynamic response has been evaluated by using a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), showcasing its robustness against external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Second, to enhance the performance, fuzzy logic is integrated with SMC, leveraging its adaptability to create the FSMC controller. This FSMC has achieved the superiority by handling non-linearities, communication delays and parameter variations in the system. A significant contribution like the design and tuning of the controllers using a Modified Gannet Optimization Algorithm (MGOA) has been established. The potential of MGOA over GOA has been corroborated by convergence speed and precision through benchmark functions. Furthermore, the paper extensively analyzes the impact of EV integration to the frequency and tie-line power dynamics under varying regulation capacities and uncertain operating conditions. Comparative studies demonstrate that the MGOA-tuned FSMC achieves faster settling times, reduced overshoot, and improved stability metrics compared to conventional and state-of-the-art methods. Finally, the MATLAB-based simulation results are validated through real-time implementation on the OPAL-RT 4510 platform, confirming the robustness and practicality of the proposed methodology in addressing modern power system challenges involving high renewable penetration and EV integration.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89025-wFrequency stabilityLoad frequency controlFuzzy-sliding mode controllerSliding mode controllerGannet Optimization AlgorithmModified Gannet Optimization |
| spellingShingle | Benazeer Begum Narendra Kumar Jena Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation Scientific Reports Frequency stability Load frequency control Fuzzy-sliding mode controller Sliding mode controller Gannet Optimization Algorithm Modified Gannet Optimization |
| title | Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation |
| title_full | Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation |
| title_fullStr | Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation |
| title_short | Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation |
| title_sort | frequency stability improvement in ev integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy sliding mode control and real time validation |
| topic | Frequency stability Load frequency control Fuzzy-sliding mode controller Sliding mode controller Gannet Optimization Algorithm Modified Gannet Optimization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89025-w |
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