Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire
Introduction: Although several approaches have been proposed to mitigate post-match fatigue, few studies have been conducted in team sports to understand the types of recovery methods and the underlying reasons for the choices of medical and technical staff. This study aimed to develop a valid and r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.680799/full |
| _version_ | 1818591521292681216 |
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| author | Sérgio M. Querido João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Pedro Figueiredo Filomena Carnide João R. Vaz Sandro R. Freitas |
| author_facet | Sérgio M. Querido João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Pedro Figueiredo Filomena Carnide João R. Vaz Sandro R. Freitas |
| author_sort | Sérgio M. Querido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Although several approaches have been proposed to mitigate post-match fatigue, few studies have been conducted in team sports to understand the types of recovery methods and the underlying reasons for the choices of medical and technical staff. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable online questionnaire to assess the recovery practices implemented by football clubs within 72 h post-match.Methods: Two research members developed the original questionnaire proposal, and two experts in sports science and sports medicine confirmed the content and face validities. Then, 20 football coaches (age: 39.4 ± 6.8 years) with a minimum of 5 years of experience in professional football (9.1 ± 4.9 years) and with an academic background participated in determining the ecological validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The acceptability and relevance of the questionnaire were determined using descriptive statistics.Results: After confirming the content and face validities, one questionnaire section with two questions was excluded due to lack of relevance, seven open-ended questions were removed due to the adherence of small participants (i.e., 45.4%), and one section was divided into three to facilitate clearness in reading. The remaining sections were considered acceptable and relevant (>94.1%). About 91.8% of nominal and ordinal items derived from the questionnaire questions showed good to very good reliability outcomes (average k classification: 0.73 ± 0.13; min–max: 0.22–1.00, p < 0.05; average wk classification: 0.82 ± 0.15; min–max: 0.22–1.00, p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study provided a novel, valid, reliable, and easy-to-use tool to examine the post-match recovery practices in professional football contexts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:13:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84f6d349abf24877b7ba645948241acd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:13:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-84f6d349abf24877b7ba645948241acd2022-12-21T22:35:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672021-07-01310.3389/fspor.2021.680799680799Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New QuestionnaireSérgio M. Querido0João Brito1Pedro Figueiredo2Pedro Figueiredo3Filomena Carnide4João R. Vaz5Sandro R. Freitas6Faculty of Human Kinetics, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalPortugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, PortugalPortugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, PortugalFaculty of Human Kinetics, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalFaculty of Human Kinetics, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalFaculty of Human Kinetics, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalIntroduction: Although several approaches have been proposed to mitigate post-match fatigue, few studies have been conducted in team sports to understand the types of recovery methods and the underlying reasons for the choices of medical and technical staff. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable online questionnaire to assess the recovery practices implemented by football clubs within 72 h post-match.Methods: Two research members developed the original questionnaire proposal, and two experts in sports science and sports medicine confirmed the content and face validities. Then, 20 football coaches (age: 39.4 ± 6.8 years) with a minimum of 5 years of experience in professional football (9.1 ± 4.9 years) and with an academic background participated in determining the ecological validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The acceptability and relevance of the questionnaire were determined using descriptive statistics.Results: After confirming the content and face validities, one questionnaire section with two questions was excluded due to lack of relevance, seven open-ended questions were removed due to the adherence of small participants (i.e., 45.4%), and one section was divided into three to facilitate clearness in reading. The remaining sections were considered acceptable and relevant (>94.1%). About 91.8% of nominal and ordinal items derived from the questionnaire questions showed good to very good reliability outcomes (average k classification: 0.73 ± 0.13; min–max: 0.22–1.00, p < 0.05; average wk classification: 0.82 ± 0.15; min–max: 0.22–1.00, p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study provided a novel, valid, reliable, and easy-to-use tool to examine the post-match recovery practices in professional football contexts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.680799/fullfatiguerecovery assessmentsurveyvalidationsoccer |
| spellingShingle | Sérgio M. Querido João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Pedro Figueiredo Filomena Carnide João R. Vaz Sandro R. Freitas Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire Frontiers in Sports and Active Living fatigue recovery assessment survey validation soccer |
| title | Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire |
| title_full | Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire |
| title_fullStr | Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire |
| title_short | Post-match Recovery Practices in Professional Football: Design, Validity, and Reliability of a New Questionnaire |
| title_sort | post match recovery practices in professional football design validity and reliability of a new questionnaire |
| topic | fatigue recovery assessment survey validation soccer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.680799/full |
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