Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks
Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) is a traditional fruit tree of 15–30 m height in the tropics. The presence of size-controlling rootstock in the species is not known. A small tropical tree species, lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>), was recently identified as a pote...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3285 |
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| author | Yuchan Zhou Steven J. R. Underhill |
| author_facet | Yuchan Zhou Steven J. R. Underhill |
| author_sort | Yuchan Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) is a traditional fruit tree of 15–30 m height in the tropics. The presence of size-controlling rootstock in the species is not known. A small tropical tree species, lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>), was recently identified as a potential vigor-controlling rootstock, conferring over a 65% reduction in breadfruit tree height. To better understand the intriguing scion/rootstock interactions involved in dwarfing, we investigate flavonoid accumulation and its regulation in breadfruit scions in response to different rootstocks. To this end, we isolated a chalcone synthase cDNA, <i>AaCHS</i>, and a full-length bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA, <i>AaDFR</i>, from breadfruit scion stems. The expression of both <i>AaCHS</i> and <i>AaDFR</i> genes was examined over the period of 16 to 24 months following grafting. During the development of the dwarf phenotype, breadfruit scion stems on lakoocha rootstocks display significant increases in total flavonoid content, and show upregulated <i>AaCHS</i> expression when compared with those on self-grafts and non-grafts. There is a strong, positive correlation between the transcript levels of <i>AaCHS</i> and total flavonoid content in scion stems. The transcript levels of <i>AaDFR</i> are not significantly different across scions on different rootstocks. This work provides insights into the significance of flavonoid biosynthesis in rootstock-induced breadfruit dwarfing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-850998b0bd094b9588df2b95d65fa0a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-850998b0bd094b9588df2b95d65fa0a92023-11-19T12:32:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011218328510.3390/plants12183285Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) RootstocksYuchan Zhou0Steven J. R. Underhill1Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaAustralian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaBreadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) is a traditional fruit tree of 15–30 m height in the tropics. The presence of size-controlling rootstock in the species is not known. A small tropical tree species, lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>), was recently identified as a potential vigor-controlling rootstock, conferring over a 65% reduction in breadfruit tree height. To better understand the intriguing scion/rootstock interactions involved in dwarfing, we investigate flavonoid accumulation and its regulation in breadfruit scions in response to different rootstocks. To this end, we isolated a chalcone synthase cDNA, <i>AaCHS</i>, and a full-length bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA, <i>AaDFR</i>, from breadfruit scion stems. The expression of both <i>AaCHS</i> and <i>AaDFR</i> genes was examined over the period of 16 to 24 months following grafting. During the development of the dwarf phenotype, breadfruit scion stems on lakoocha rootstocks display significant increases in total flavonoid content, and show upregulated <i>AaCHS</i> expression when compared with those on self-grafts and non-grafts. There is a strong, positive correlation between the transcript levels of <i>AaCHS</i> and total flavonoid content in scion stems. The transcript levels of <i>AaDFR</i> are not significantly different across scions on different rootstocks. This work provides insights into the significance of flavonoid biosynthesis in rootstock-induced breadfruit dwarfing.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3285breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>)dwarfingrootstockflavonoidschalcone synthase genebifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene |
| spellingShingle | Yuchan Zhou Steven J. R. Underhill Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks Plants breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) dwarfing rootstock flavonoids chalcone synthase gene bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene |
| title | Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks |
| title_full | Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks |
| title_fullStr | Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks |
| title_short | Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (<i>Artocarpus lakoocha</i>) Rootstocks |
| title_sort | total flavonoid contents and the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in breadfruit i artocarpus altilis i scions growing on lakoocha i artocarpus lakoocha i rootstocks |
| topic | breadfruit (<i>Artocarpus altilis</i>) dwarfing rootstock flavonoids chalcone synthase gene bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3285 |
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