| Summary: | The tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) enzyme hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond between a tyrosine residue and the 3′-phosphate of DNA in the DNA–topoisomerase I (TopI) complex, being involved in different DNA repair pathways. A small <i>TDP1</i> gene subfamily is present in plants, where <i>TDP1α</i> has been linked to genome stability maintenance, while <i>TDP1β</i> has unknown functions. This work aimed to comparatively investigate the function of the <i>TDP1</i> genes by taking advantage of the rich transcriptomics databases available for the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> model plant. A data mining approach was carried out to collect information regarding gene expression in different tissues, genetic backgrounds, and stress conditions, using platforms where RNA-seq and microarray data are deposited. The gathered data allowed us to distinguish between common and divergent functions of the two genes. Namely, <i>TDP1β</i> seems to be involved in root development and associated with gibberellin and brassinosteroid phytohormones, whereas <i>TDP1α</i> is more responsive to light and abscisic acid. During stress conditions, both genes are highly responsive to biotic and abiotic treatments in a time- and stress-dependent manner. Data validation using gamma-ray treatments applied to <i>Arabidopsis</i> seedlings indicated the accumulation of DNA damage and extensive cell death associated with the observed changes in the <i>TDP1</i> genes expression profiles.
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