The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China
<i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> L. has great medicinal and ecological value in northwestern China. The host and its microbiota are mutually symbiotic, collectively forming a holobiont, conferring beneficial effects to the plant. However, the analysis of diversity, mycobiota composition, and...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2099 |
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| author | Ruotong Wang Qingchen Zhang Mingxiu Ju Siyuan Yan Qiangqiang Zhang Peiwen Gu |
| author_facet | Ruotong Wang Qingchen Zhang Mingxiu Ju Siyuan Yan Qiangqiang Zhang Peiwen Gu |
| author_sort | Ruotong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> L. has great medicinal and ecological value in northwestern China. The host and its microbiota are mutually symbiotic, collectively forming a holobiont, conferring beneficial effects to the plant. However, the analysis of diversity, mycobiota composition, and the ecological function of endophytic fungi in the holobiont of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> is relatively lacking. In this article, the fungal community profiling of roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> (at the fruit maturity stage) from Huamachi and Baofeng in Ningxia, China were investigated based on the ITS1 region, using high-throughput sequencing technology. As a result, a total of 751 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained and further classified into 9 phyla, 27 classes, 66 orders, 141 families, 245 genera, and 340 species. The roots had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the stems had the highest evenness and pedigree diversity. There also was a significant difference in the richness of the endophytic fungal community between root and seed (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The organ was the main factor affecting the community structure of endophytic fungi in <i>S. alopecuroides</i>. The genera of unclassified Ascomycota, <i>Tricholoma</i>, <i>Apiotrichum</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Aspergillus</i> made up the vast majority of relative abundance, which were common in all four organs as well. The dominant and endemic genera and biomarkers of endophytic fungi in four organs of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> were different and exhibited organ specificity or tissue preference. The endophytic fungi of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> were mainly divided into 15 ecological function groups, among which saprotroph was absolutely dominant, followed by mixotrophic and pathotroph, and the symbiotroph was the least. With this study, we revealed the diversity and community structure and predicted the ecological function of the endophytic fungi of <i>S. alopecuroides</i>, which provided a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of the endophytic fungi resources of <i>S. alopecuroides</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8517b227bc184df997b622910184b3f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8517b227bc184df997b622910184b3f22023-11-24T05:55:47ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-10-011011209910.3390/microorganisms10112099The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, ChinaRuotong Wang0Qingchen Zhang1Mingxiu Ju2Siyuan Yan3Qiangqiang Zhang4Peiwen Gu5School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USASchool of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China<i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> L. has great medicinal and ecological value in northwestern China. The host and its microbiota are mutually symbiotic, collectively forming a holobiont, conferring beneficial effects to the plant. However, the analysis of diversity, mycobiota composition, and the ecological function of endophytic fungi in the holobiont of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> is relatively lacking. In this article, the fungal community profiling of roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> (at the fruit maturity stage) from Huamachi and Baofeng in Ningxia, China were investigated based on the ITS1 region, using high-throughput sequencing technology. As a result, a total of 751 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained and further classified into 9 phyla, 27 classes, 66 orders, 141 families, 245 genera, and 340 species. The roots had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the stems had the highest evenness and pedigree diversity. There also was a significant difference in the richness of the endophytic fungal community between root and seed (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The organ was the main factor affecting the community structure of endophytic fungi in <i>S. alopecuroides</i>. The genera of unclassified Ascomycota, <i>Tricholoma</i>, <i>Apiotrichum</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Aspergillus</i> made up the vast majority of relative abundance, which were common in all four organs as well. The dominant and endemic genera and biomarkers of endophytic fungi in four organs of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> were different and exhibited organ specificity or tissue preference. The endophytic fungi of <i>S. alopecuroides</i> were mainly divided into 15 ecological function groups, among which saprotroph was absolutely dominant, followed by mixotrophic and pathotroph, and the symbiotroph was the least. With this study, we revealed the diversity and community structure and predicted the ecological function of the endophytic fungi of <i>S. alopecuroides</i>, which provided a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of the endophytic fungi resources of <i>S. alopecuroides</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2099<i>S. alopecuroides</i>endophytic fungidiversityIllumina MiSeq sequencingecological function |
| spellingShingle | Ruotong Wang Qingchen Zhang Mingxiu Ju Siyuan Yan Qiangqiang Zhang Peiwen Gu The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China Microorganisms <i>S. alopecuroides</i> endophytic fungi diversity Illumina MiSeq sequencing ecological function |
| title | The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China |
| title_full | The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China |
| title_fullStr | The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China |
| title_short | The Endophytic Fungi Diversity, Community Structure, and Ecological Function Prediction of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> in Ningxia, China |
| title_sort | endophytic fungi diversity community structure and ecological function prediction of i sophora alopecuroides i in ningxia china |
| topic | <i>S. alopecuroides</i> endophytic fungi diversity Illumina MiSeq sequencing ecological function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2099 |
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