Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding
This study evaluates the prevalence of autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome as a function of infant diet. Retrospective survey data from the <i>Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study</i>, which included data on infant feeding and caregiver-reported developmental milestones for 190 childr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2888 |
| _version_ | 1797522503425327104 |
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| author | Cara J. Westmark |
| author_facet | Cara J. Westmark |
| author_sort | Cara J. Westmark |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluates the prevalence of autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome as a function of infant diet. Retrospective survey data from the <i>Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study</i>, which included data on infant feeding and caregiver-reported developmental milestones for 190 children with fragile X syndrome enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Database (FORWARD), were analyzed. Exploratory, sex-specific associations were found linking the use of soy-based infant formula with worse autistic behaviors related to language in females and self-injurious behavior in males. These findings prompt prospective evaluation of the effects of soy-based infant formula on disease comorbidities in fragile X syndrome, a rare disorder for which newborn screening could be implemented if there was an intervention. Gastrointestinal problems were the most common reason cited for switching to soy-based infant formula. Thus, these findings also support the study of early gastrointestinal problems in fragile X syndrome, which may underly the development and severity of disease comorbidities. In conjunction with comorbidity data from the previous analyses of the <i>Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study</i>, the findings indicate that premutation fragile X mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-853b80037b2445b5a20789059e906d3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-853b80037b2445b5a20789059e906d3a2023-11-22T09:07:39ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-08-01138288810.3390/nu13082888Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant FeedingCara J. Westmark0Department of Neurology, Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAThis study evaluates the prevalence of autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome as a function of infant diet. Retrospective survey data from the <i>Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study</i>, which included data on infant feeding and caregiver-reported developmental milestones for 190 children with fragile X syndrome enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Database (FORWARD), were analyzed. Exploratory, sex-specific associations were found linking the use of soy-based infant formula with worse autistic behaviors related to language in females and self-injurious behavior in males. These findings prompt prospective evaluation of the effects of soy-based infant formula on disease comorbidities in fragile X syndrome, a rare disorder for which newborn screening could be implemented if there was an intervention. Gastrointestinal problems were the most common reason cited for switching to soy-based infant formula. Thus, these findings also support the study of early gastrointestinal problems in fragile X syndrome, which may underly the development and severity of disease comorbidities. In conjunction with comorbidity data from the previous analyses of the <i>Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study</i>, the findings indicate that premutation fragile X mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2888autismbreast milkfragile X syndrome (FXS)infant formulalanguagesoy-based infant formula |
| spellingShingle | Cara J. Westmark Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding Nutrients autism breast milk fragile X syndrome (FXS) infant formula language soy-based infant formula |
| title | Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding |
| title_full | Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding |
| title_fullStr | Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding |
| title_short | Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding |
| title_sort | parental reports on early autism behaviors in their children with fragile x syndrome as a function of infant feeding |
| topic | autism breast milk fragile X syndrome (FXS) infant formula language soy-based infant formula |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2888 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carajwestmark parentalreportsonearlyautismbehaviorsintheirchildrenwithfragilexsyndromeasafunctionofinfantfeeding |