Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte
Bi nanocrystalline films were formed from perchlorate electrolyte (PE) on Cu substrate via electrochemical deposition with different duration and current densities. The microstructural, morphological properties, and elemental composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1245 |
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| author | Daria Tishkevich Sergey Grabchikov Tatiana Zubar Denis Vasin Sergei Trukhanov Alla Vorobjova Dmitry Yakimchuk Artem Kozlovskiy Maxim Zdorovets Sholpan Giniyatova Dmitriy Shimanovich Dmitry Lyakhov Dominik Michels Mengge Dong Svetlana Gudkova Alex Trukhanov |
| author_facet | Daria Tishkevich Sergey Grabchikov Tatiana Zubar Denis Vasin Sergei Trukhanov Alla Vorobjova Dmitry Yakimchuk Artem Kozlovskiy Maxim Zdorovets Sholpan Giniyatova Dmitriy Shimanovich Dmitry Lyakhov Dominik Michels Mengge Dong Svetlana Gudkova Alex Trukhanov |
| author_sort | Daria Tishkevich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bi nanocrystalline films were formed from perchlorate electrolyte (PE) on Cu substrate via electrochemical deposition with different duration and current densities. The microstructural, morphological properties, and elemental composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The optimal range of current densities for Bi electrodeposition in PE using polarization measurements was demonstrated. For the first time, it was shown and explained why, with a deposition duration of 1 s, co-deposition of Pb and Bi occurs. The correlation between synthesis conditions and chemical composition and microstructure for Bi films was discussed. The analysis of the microstructure evolution revealed the changing mechanism of the films’ growth from pillar-like (for Pb-rich phase) to layered granular form (for Bi) with deposition duration rising. This abnormal behavior is explained by the appearance of a strong Bi growth texture and coalescence effects. The investigations of porosity showed that Bi films have a closely-packed microstructure. The main stages and the growth mechanism of Bi films in the galvanostatic regime in PE with a deposition duration of 1–30 s are proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:51:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-853ca1f9acdf4141bfb90e98cb412a88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:51:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-853ca1f9acdf4141bfb90e98cb412a882023-11-20T05:08:23ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-06-01106124510.3390/nano10061245Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate ElectrolyteDaria Tishkevich0Sergey Grabchikov1Tatiana Zubar2Denis Vasin3Sergei Trukhanov4Alla Vorobjova5Dmitry Yakimchuk6Artem Kozlovskiy7Maxim Zdorovets8Sholpan Giniyatova9Dmitriy Shimanovich10Dmitry Lyakhov11Dominik Michels12Mengge Dong13Svetlana Gudkova14Alex Trukhanov15Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusDepartment of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, BelarusLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusEngineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, KazakhstanEngineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, KazakhstanEngineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, KazakhstanDepartment of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, BelarusComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Resource and Environment, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaLaboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, RussiaLaboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, BelarusBi nanocrystalline films were formed from perchlorate electrolyte (PE) on Cu substrate via electrochemical deposition with different duration and current densities. The microstructural, morphological properties, and elemental composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The optimal range of current densities for Bi electrodeposition in PE using polarization measurements was demonstrated. For the first time, it was shown and explained why, with a deposition duration of 1 s, co-deposition of Pb and Bi occurs. The correlation between synthesis conditions and chemical composition and microstructure for Bi films was discussed. The analysis of the microstructure evolution revealed the changing mechanism of the films’ growth from pillar-like (for Pb-rich phase) to layered granular form (for Bi) with deposition duration rising. This abnormal behavior is explained by the appearance of a strong Bi growth texture and coalescence effects. The investigations of porosity showed that Bi films have a closely-packed microstructure. The main stages and the growth mechanism of Bi films in the galvanostatic regime in PE with a deposition duration of 1–30 s are proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1245bismuthleadfilmselectrochemical depositionco-depositiongrowth mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Daria Tishkevich Sergey Grabchikov Tatiana Zubar Denis Vasin Sergei Trukhanov Alla Vorobjova Dmitry Yakimchuk Artem Kozlovskiy Maxim Zdorovets Sholpan Giniyatova Dmitriy Shimanovich Dmitry Lyakhov Dominik Michels Mengge Dong Svetlana Gudkova Alex Trukhanov Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte Nanomaterials bismuth lead films electrochemical deposition co-deposition growth mechanism |
| title | Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte |
| title_full | Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte |
| title_fullStr | Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte |
| title_short | Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte |
| title_sort | early stage growth mechanism and synthesis conditions dependent morphology of nanocrystalline bi films electrodeposited from perchlorate electrolyte |
| topic | bismuth lead films electrochemical deposition co-deposition growth mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1245 |
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