The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study
Abstract Background The use of the point-of-care lateral flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) test may expedite tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. However, the test’s clinical utility is poorly defined outside sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The study enrolled consecutive HIV-positive adul...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-017-0888-3 |
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| author | Swe Swe Thit Ne Myo Aung Zaw Win Htet Mark A. Boyd Htin Aung Saw Nicholas M. Anstey Tint Tint Kyi David A. Cooper Mar Mar Kyi Josh Hanson |
| author_facet | Swe Swe Thit Ne Myo Aung Zaw Win Htet Mark A. Boyd Htin Aung Saw Nicholas M. Anstey Tint Tint Kyi David A. Cooper Mar Mar Kyi Josh Hanson |
| author_sort | Swe Swe Thit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The use of the point-of-care lateral flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) test may expedite tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. However, the test’s clinical utility is poorly defined outside sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The study enrolled consecutive HIV-positive adults at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. On enrolment, patients had a LF-LAM test performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Clinicians managing the patients were unaware of the LF-LAM result, which was correlated with the patient’s clinical course over the ensuing 6 months. Results The study enrolled 54 inpatients and 463 outpatients between July 1 and December 31, 2015. On enrolment, the patients’ median (interquartile range) CD4 T-cell count was 270 (128–443) cells/mm3. The baseline LF-LAM test was positive in 201/517 (39%). TB was confirmed microbiologically during follow-up in 54/517 (10%), with rifampicin resistance present in 8/54 (15%). In the study’s resource-limited setting, extrapulmonary testing for TB was not possible, but after 6 months, 97/201 (48%) with a positive LF-LAM test on enrolment had neither died, required hospitalisation, received a TB diagnosis or received empirical anti-TB therapy, suggesting a high rate of false-positive results. Of the 97 false-positive tests, 89 (92%) were grade 1 positive, suggesting poor test specificity using this cut-off. Only 21/517 (4%) patients were inpatients with TB symptoms and a CD4 T-cell count of < 100 cells/mm3. Five (24%) of these 21 died, three of whom had a positive LF-LAM test on enrolment. However, all three received anti-TB therapy before death — two after diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF testing, while the other received empirical treatment. It is unlikely that knowledge of the baseline LF-LAM result would have averted any of the study’s other 11 deaths; eight had a negative test, and of the three patients with a positive test, two received anti-TB therapy before death, while one died from laboratory-confirmed cryptococcal meningitis. The test was no better than a simple, clinical history excluding TB during follow-up (negative predictive value (95% confidence interval): 94% (91–97) vs. 94% (91–96)). Conclusions The LF-LAM test had limited clinical utility in the management of HIV-positive patients in this Asian referral hospital setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:54:34Z |
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| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:54:34Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-853ea5d325c24df281e2599823016fba2022-12-21T18:49:00ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152017-08-0115111110.1186/s12916-017-0888-3The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational studySwe Swe Thit0Ne Myo Aung1Zaw Win Htet2Mark A. Boyd3Htin Aung Saw4Nicholas M. Anstey5Tint Tint Kyi6David A. Cooper7Mar Mar Kyi8Josh Hanson9University of Medicine 2University of Medicine 2Insein General HospitalUniversity of Adelaide, Lyell McEwin HospitalUniversity of Medicine 2Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityInsein General HospitalThe Kirby Institute, University of New South WalesUniversity of Medicine 2University of Medicine 2Abstract Background The use of the point-of-care lateral flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) test may expedite tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. However, the test’s clinical utility is poorly defined outside sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The study enrolled consecutive HIV-positive adults at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. On enrolment, patients had a LF-LAM test performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Clinicians managing the patients were unaware of the LF-LAM result, which was correlated with the patient’s clinical course over the ensuing 6 months. Results The study enrolled 54 inpatients and 463 outpatients between July 1 and December 31, 2015. On enrolment, the patients’ median (interquartile range) CD4 T-cell count was 270 (128–443) cells/mm3. The baseline LF-LAM test was positive in 201/517 (39%). TB was confirmed microbiologically during follow-up in 54/517 (10%), with rifampicin resistance present in 8/54 (15%). In the study’s resource-limited setting, extrapulmonary testing for TB was not possible, but after 6 months, 97/201 (48%) with a positive LF-LAM test on enrolment had neither died, required hospitalisation, received a TB diagnosis or received empirical anti-TB therapy, suggesting a high rate of false-positive results. Of the 97 false-positive tests, 89 (92%) were grade 1 positive, suggesting poor test specificity using this cut-off. Only 21/517 (4%) patients were inpatients with TB symptoms and a CD4 T-cell count of < 100 cells/mm3. Five (24%) of these 21 died, three of whom had a positive LF-LAM test on enrolment. However, all three received anti-TB therapy before death — two after diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF testing, while the other received empirical treatment. It is unlikely that knowledge of the baseline LF-LAM result would have averted any of the study’s other 11 deaths; eight had a negative test, and of the three patients with a positive test, two received anti-TB therapy before death, while one died from laboratory-confirmed cryptococcal meningitis. The test was no better than a simple, clinical history excluding TB during follow-up (negative predictive value (95% confidence interval): 94% (91–97) vs. 94% (91–96)). Conclusions The LF-LAM test had limited clinical utility in the management of HIV-positive patients in this Asian referral hospital setting.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-017-0888-3Human immunodeficiency virusTuberculosisDiagnostic testClinical managementMyanmarLipoarabinomannan |
| spellingShingle | Swe Swe Thit Ne Myo Aung Zaw Win Htet Mark A. Boyd Htin Aung Saw Nicholas M. Anstey Tint Tint Kyi David A. Cooper Mar Mar Kyi Josh Hanson The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study BMC Medicine Human immunodeficiency virus Tuberculosis Diagnostic test Clinical management Myanmar Lipoarabinomannan |
| title | The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study |
| title_full | The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study |
| title_fullStr | The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study |
| title_short | The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study |
| title_sort | clinical utility of the urine based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in hiv infected adults in myanmar an observational study |
| topic | Human immunodeficiency virus Tuberculosis Diagnostic test Clinical management Myanmar Lipoarabinomannan |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-017-0888-3 |
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