Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand
(1) Background: Thailand has made significant progress in reducing the number of human and animal rabies cases. However, control and elimination of the last remaining pockets of dog-mediated rabies have shown to be burdensome, predominantly as a result of the large numbers of free-roaming dogs witho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/571 |
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| author | Karoon Chanachai Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong Ad Vos Kansuda Leelahapongsathon Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat Onpawee Sagarasaeranee Paisin Lekcharoen Porathip Trinuson Suwicha Kasemsuwan |
| author_facet | Karoon Chanachai Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong Ad Vos Kansuda Leelahapongsathon Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat Onpawee Sagarasaeranee Paisin Lekcharoen Porathip Trinuson Suwicha Kasemsuwan |
| author_sort | Karoon Chanachai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Thailand has made significant progress in reducing the number of human and animal rabies cases. However, control and elimination of the last remaining pockets of dog-mediated rabies have shown to be burdensome, predominantly as a result of the large numbers of free-roaming dogs without an owner that cannot be restrained without special efforts and therefore remain unvaccinated. To reach these dogs, the feasibility, and benefits of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) as a complementary tool has been examined under field conditions. (2) Methods: ORV of dogs was tested in five study areas of four provinces in Thailand. In these areas, sites with free-roaming dogs were identified with the support of local municipal workers and dog caretakers. ORV teams visited each of five study areas and distributed rabies vaccine (SPBN GASGAS) in three bait formats that were offered to the dogs using a hand-out and retrieval model. The three bait types tested included: egg-flavored baits, egg-flavored baits pasted with commercially available cat liquid snack, and boiled-intestine baits. A dog offered a vaccine bait was considered vaccinated when the discarded sachet was perforated or if a dog chewed vaccine bait at least 5 times before it swallowed the bait, including the sachet. (3) Results: A total of 2444 free-roaming dogs considered inaccessible for parenteral vaccination were identified at 338 sites. As not all dogs were approachable, 79.0% were offered a bait; of these dogs, 91.6% accepted the bait and subsequently 83.0% were considered successfully vaccinated. (4) Conclusion: Overall, 65.6% of the free-roaming dogs at these sites were successfully vaccinated by the oral route. Such a significant increase of the vaccination coverage of the free-roaming dog population could interrupt the rabies transmission cycle and offers a unique opportunity to reach the goal to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies in Thailand by 2030. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:48:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8546bcd84cea4164aef95614108f4052 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:48:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8546bcd84cea4164aef95614108f40522023-11-21T13:15:28ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-03-0113457110.3390/v13040571Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in ThailandKaroon Chanachai0Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong1Ad Vos2Kansuda Leelahapongsathon3Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat4Onpawee Sagarasaeranee5Paisin Lekcharoen6Porathip Trinuson7Suwicha Kasemsuwan8USAID Regional Development Mission Asia (Former at the Department of Livestock Development, Thailand), Athenee Tower, 25th Floor, 63 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Ratchathewi, Bangok 10400, ThailandCEVA Innovation Center GmbH, Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, GermanyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen 73140, ThailandDepartment of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, 88/21 Tiwanon Rd., Talard-Kwan, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Ratchathewi, Bangok 10400, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri-Dunant Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Ratchathewi, Bangok 10400, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen 73140, Thailand(1) Background: Thailand has made significant progress in reducing the number of human and animal rabies cases. However, control and elimination of the last remaining pockets of dog-mediated rabies have shown to be burdensome, predominantly as a result of the large numbers of free-roaming dogs without an owner that cannot be restrained without special efforts and therefore remain unvaccinated. To reach these dogs, the feasibility, and benefits of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) as a complementary tool has been examined under field conditions. (2) Methods: ORV of dogs was tested in five study areas of four provinces in Thailand. In these areas, sites with free-roaming dogs were identified with the support of local municipal workers and dog caretakers. ORV teams visited each of five study areas and distributed rabies vaccine (SPBN GASGAS) in three bait formats that were offered to the dogs using a hand-out and retrieval model. The three bait types tested included: egg-flavored baits, egg-flavored baits pasted with commercially available cat liquid snack, and boiled-intestine baits. A dog offered a vaccine bait was considered vaccinated when the discarded sachet was perforated or if a dog chewed vaccine bait at least 5 times before it swallowed the bait, including the sachet. (3) Results: A total of 2444 free-roaming dogs considered inaccessible for parenteral vaccination were identified at 338 sites. As not all dogs were approachable, 79.0% were offered a bait; of these dogs, 91.6% accepted the bait and subsequently 83.0% were considered successfully vaccinated. (4) Conclusion: Overall, 65.6% of the free-roaming dogs at these sites were successfully vaccinated by the oral route. Such a significant increase of the vaccination coverage of the free-roaming dog population could interrupt the rabies transmission cycle and offers a unique opportunity to reach the goal to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies in Thailand by 2030.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/571rabiesdogoral vaccinationThailand |
| spellingShingle | Karoon Chanachai Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong Ad Vos Kansuda Leelahapongsathon Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat Onpawee Sagarasaeranee Paisin Lekcharoen Porathip Trinuson Suwicha Kasemsuwan Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand Viruses rabies dog oral vaccination Thailand |
| title | Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand |
| title_full | Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand |
| title_short | Feasibility and Effectiveness Studies with Oral Vaccination of Free-Roaming Dogs against Rabies in Thailand |
| title_sort | feasibility and effectiveness studies with oral vaccination of free roaming dogs against rabies in thailand |
| topic | rabies dog oral vaccination Thailand |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/571 |
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