Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence throughout the United States. Screening and diagnostic modalities are often expensive and invasive, and therefore, people do not utilize them effectively. Lack of proper screening and diagnostic assessment may lead to delays in diagnosis, more ad...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1822 |
| _version_ | 1797588100502781952 |
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| author | Costa Dalis Fikir M. Mesfin Krishna Manohar Jianyun Liu W. Christopher Shelley John P. Brokaw Troy A. Markel |
| author_facet | Costa Dalis Fikir M. Mesfin Krishna Manohar Jianyun Liu W. Christopher Shelley John P. Brokaw Troy A. Markel |
| author_sort | Costa Dalis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence throughout the United States. Screening and diagnostic modalities are often expensive and invasive, and therefore, people do not utilize them effectively. Lack of proper screening and diagnostic assessment may lead to delays in diagnosis, more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Research on the intestinal microbiome has demonstrated that dysbiosis, or unfavorable alteration of organismal composition, precedes the onset of clinical symptoms for various GI diseases. GI disease diagnostic research has led to a shift towards non-invasive methods for GI screening, including chemical-detection tests that measure changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the byproducts of bacterial metabolism that result in the distinct smell of stool. Many of these tools are expensive, immobile benchtop instruments that require highly trained individuals to interpret the results. These attributes make them difficult to implement in clinical settings. Alternatively, electronic noses (E-noses) are relatively cheaper, handheld devices that utilize multi-sensor arrays and pattern recognition technology to analyze VOCs. The purpose of this review is to (1) highlight how dysbiosis impacts intestinal diseases and how VOC metabolites can be utilized to detect alterations in the microbiome, (2) summarize the available VOC analytical platforms that can be used to detect aberrancies in intestinal health, (3) define the current technological advancements and limitations of E-nose technology, and finally, (4) review the literature surrounding several intestinal diseases in which headspace VOCs can be used to detect or predict disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-854a398b0423459089387178c8b80f02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-854a398b0423459089387178c8b80f022023-11-18T20:36:56ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-07-01117182210.3390/microorganisms11071822Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal DiseasesCosta Dalis0Fikir M. Mesfin1Krishna Manohar2Jianyun Liu3W. Christopher Shelley4John P. Brokaw5Troy A. Markel6Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAGastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence throughout the United States. Screening and diagnostic modalities are often expensive and invasive, and therefore, people do not utilize them effectively. Lack of proper screening and diagnostic assessment may lead to delays in diagnosis, more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Research on the intestinal microbiome has demonstrated that dysbiosis, or unfavorable alteration of organismal composition, precedes the onset of clinical symptoms for various GI diseases. GI disease diagnostic research has led to a shift towards non-invasive methods for GI screening, including chemical-detection tests that measure changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the byproducts of bacterial metabolism that result in the distinct smell of stool. Many of these tools are expensive, immobile benchtop instruments that require highly trained individuals to interpret the results. These attributes make them difficult to implement in clinical settings. Alternatively, electronic noses (E-noses) are relatively cheaper, handheld devices that utilize multi-sensor arrays and pattern recognition technology to analyze VOCs. The purpose of this review is to (1) highlight how dysbiosis impacts intestinal diseases and how VOC metabolites can be utilized to detect alterations in the microbiome, (2) summarize the available VOC analytical platforms that can be used to detect aberrancies in intestinal health, (3) define the current technological advancements and limitations of E-nose technology, and finally, (4) review the literature surrounding several intestinal diseases in which headspace VOCs can be used to detect or predict disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1822electronic nosedysbiosisvolatile organic compoundgastrointestinal diseases |
| spellingShingle | Costa Dalis Fikir M. Mesfin Krishna Manohar Jianyun Liu W. Christopher Shelley John P. Brokaw Troy A. Markel Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases Microorganisms electronic nose dysbiosis volatile organic compound gastrointestinal diseases |
| title | Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_full | Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_short | Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_sort | volatile organic compound assessment as a screening tool for early detection of gastrointestinal diseases |
| topic | electronic nose dysbiosis volatile organic compound gastrointestinal diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1822 |
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