Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics
The findings in this work enhance the understanding of oxidation mechanisms and scale growth at high temperatures of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel for improving surface quality during continuous casting. The oxidation phenomenon was investigated under dry air and water vapor atmospheres by...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1243 |
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| author | Rosa Maria Pineda Huitron Pavel Ernesto Ramírez López Esa Vuorinen Pooria Nazen Jalali Leonardo Pelcastre Maija Kärkkäinen |
| author_facet | Rosa Maria Pineda Huitron Pavel Ernesto Ramírez López Esa Vuorinen Pooria Nazen Jalali Leonardo Pelcastre Maija Kärkkäinen |
| author_sort | Rosa Maria Pineda Huitron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The findings in this work enhance the understanding of oxidation mechanisms and scale growth at high temperatures of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel for improving surface quality during continuous casting. The oxidation phenomenon was investigated under dry air and water vapor atmospheres by heating specimens at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C at different holding times. Temperature and time had great effects on the kinetics, where faster (i.e., parabolic) oxidation rates were present under water vapor when compared with the dry air condition. Temperature strongly influenced the number of defects, such as pores, voids, gaps and micro-cracks, formed in the oxide scale. A phase analysis confirmed the presence of FeO as the first phase formed at the steel surface, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as the middle and thicker phase, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the last phase formed in the oxide/air interface. The micromechanics of the oxides demonstrated that a combination of phases with high (wüstite) and low plasticity (magnetite and hematite) could also have been the reason for the uneven cooling during Continuous Casting (CC) that resulted in the undesired surface quality of the steel slabs. This work gives a good look at the oxide scale effect on the surface quality of steel slabs through an understanding the kinetics during oxidation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:18:42Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:18:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-854f23fbad6143b39994ae223469910f2023-11-20T13:50:13ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-09-01109124310.3390/met10091243Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation KineticsRosa Maria Pineda Huitron0Pavel Ernesto Ramírez López1Esa Vuorinen2Pooria Nazen Jalali3Leonardo Pelcastre4Maija Kärkkäinen5Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, SwedenCasting and Flow Simulation Group, Process Metallurgy Department, SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-97 437 Luleå, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, SwedenCasting and Flow Simulation Group, Process Metallurgy Department, SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-97 437 Luleå, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, SwedenSSAB Europe Oy Raahe works, Rautaruukintie 155, PL 93, 92101 Raahe, FinlandThe findings in this work enhance the understanding of oxidation mechanisms and scale growth at high temperatures of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel for improving surface quality during continuous casting. The oxidation phenomenon was investigated under dry air and water vapor atmospheres by heating specimens at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C at different holding times. Temperature and time had great effects on the kinetics, where faster (i.e., parabolic) oxidation rates were present under water vapor when compared with the dry air condition. Temperature strongly influenced the number of defects, such as pores, voids, gaps and micro-cracks, formed in the oxide scale. A phase analysis confirmed the presence of FeO as the first phase formed at the steel surface, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as the middle and thicker phase, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the last phase formed in the oxide/air interface. The micromechanics of the oxides demonstrated that a combination of phases with high (wüstite) and low plasticity (magnetite and hematite) could also have been the reason for the uneven cooling during Continuous Casting (CC) that resulted in the undesired surface quality of the steel slabs. This work gives a good look at the oxide scale effect on the surface quality of steel slabs through an understanding the kinetics during oxidation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1243oxide scalewater vaporkineticscontinuous castingHSLA steel |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Maria Pineda Huitron Pavel Ernesto Ramírez López Esa Vuorinen Pooria Nazen Jalali Leonardo Pelcastre Maija Kärkkäinen Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics Metals oxide scale water vapor kinetics continuous casting HSLA steel |
| title | Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics |
| title_full | Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics |
| title_fullStr | Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics |
| title_short | Scale Formation on HSLA Steel during Continuous Casting Part I: The Effect of Temperature–Time on Oxidation Kinetics |
| title_sort | scale formation on hsla steel during continuous casting part i the effect of temperature time on oxidation kinetics |
| topic | oxide scale water vapor kinetics continuous casting HSLA steel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1243 |
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