Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury
In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266/full |
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| author | Maria Alexander Krakovski Niraj Arora Shalini Jain Jennifer Glover Keith Dombrowski Beverly Hernandez Hariom Yadav Hariom Yadav Anand Karthik Sarma Anand Karthik Sarma |
| author_facet | Maria Alexander Krakovski Niraj Arora Shalini Jain Jennifer Glover Keith Dombrowski Beverly Hernandez Hariom Yadav Hariom Yadav Anand Karthik Sarma Anand Karthik Sarma |
| author_sort | Maria Alexander Krakovski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:09:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-855b8639abc14884aeac6decfc621fb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:09:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-855b8639abc14884aeac6decfc621fb42022-12-22T03:19:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2022-09-011610.3389/fnins.2022.10022661002266Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injuryMaria Alexander Krakovski0Niraj Arora1Shalini Jain2Jennifer Glover3Keith Dombrowski4Beverly Hernandez5Hariom Yadav6Hariom Yadav7Anand Karthik Sarma8Anand Karthik Sarma9Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United StatesClinical Nutrition Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United StatesUSF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United StatesWake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, United StatesIn recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266/fullmicrobiomeketogenic dietacute brain injurychronic neurological disordersstrokeneurodegeneration |
| spellingShingle | Maria Alexander Krakovski Niraj Arora Shalini Jain Jennifer Glover Keith Dombrowski Beverly Hernandez Hariom Yadav Hariom Yadav Anand Karthik Sarma Anand Karthik Sarma Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury Frontiers in Neuroscience microbiome ketogenic diet acute brain injury chronic neurological disorders stroke neurodegeneration |
| title | Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| title_full | Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| title_fullStr | Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| title_short | Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| title_sort | diet microbiome gut brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury |
| topic | microbiome ketogenic diet acute brain injury chronic neurological disorders stroke neurodegeneration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266/full |
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