Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?
Placenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize th...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1418 |
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| author | Giuseppe Sarli Carolina Castagnetti Carlo Bianco Giulia Ballotta Giorgia Tura Martina Caporaletti Marco Cunto Giancarlo Avallone Cinzia Benazzi Fabio Ostanello Daniele Zambelli |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Sarli Carolina Castagnetti Carlo Bianco Giulia Ballotta Giorgia Tura Martina Caporaletti Marco Cunto Giancarlo Avallone Cinzia Benazzi Fabio Ostanello Daniele Zambelli |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Sarli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Placenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize the use of placenta histology in practice. Fifty-one placentas from 11 litters were collected during cesarean section, classified according to the litter size (large (L) or small (S)) and the outcome, this latter as healthy (Group 1) or dead within 7 days (Group 2). The placenta/puppy weight ratio (PPR) was calculated, and specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax embedded, and on the resulting histological slides, capillary density (CD) was quantified. Among necrosis, calcification, and intravascular leucocytes, only the presence of multifocal-confluent necrosis (significantly more frequent in Group 2) was associated with a higher risk of death within 7 days (odds ratio = 30.7). Mixed logistic regression ruled out the effect on death both of a bitch and cesarean type (programmed vs. emergency). PPR and CD values were associated with litter size; large litters had lower PPR (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and higher CD (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than small litters. The relationship between PPR and CD was negative and significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Necrosis was a frequent finding in canine placentas, but only when multifocal-confluent was it associated with a poor outcome. The litter size influenced PPR (lower in L) and CD (higher in L), and this is likely due to the plasticity of placenta adaptation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:23:01Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:23:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-855f0941b34e435c9d46440f68edff192023-11-21T19:52:45ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-05-01115141810.3390/ani11051418Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?Giuseppe Sarli0Carolina Castagnetti1Carlo Bianco2Giulia Ballotta3Giorgia Tura4Martina Caporaletti5Marco Cunto6Giancarlo Avallone7Cinzia Benazzi8Fabio Ostanello9Daniele Zambelli10Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyClinica Veterinaria Tyrus, Via Aldo Bartocci 1/g, 05100 Terni, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyPlacenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize the use of placenta histology in practice. Fifty-one placentas from 11 litters were collected during cesarean section, classified according to the litter size (large (L) or small (S)) and the outcome, this latter as healthy (Group 1) or dead within 7 days (Group 2). The placenta/puppy weight ratio (PPR) was calculated, and specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax embedded, and on the resulting histological slides, capillary density (CD) was quantified. Among necrosis, calcification, and intravascular leucocytes, only the presence of multifocal-confluent necrosis (significantly more frequent in Group 2) was associated with a higher risk of death within 7 days (odds ratio = 30.7). Mixed logistic regression ruled out the effect on death both of a bitch and cesarean type (programmed vs. emergency). PPR and CD values were associated with litter size; large litters had lower PPR (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and higher CD (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than small litters. The relationship between PPR and CD was negative and significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Necrosis was a frequent finding in canine placentas, but only when multifocal-confluent was it associated with a poor outcome. The litter size influenced PPR (lower in L) and CD (higher in L), and this is likely due to the plasticity of placenta adaptation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1418dogplacentahistologynecrosiscapillary densitylitter size |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Sarli Carolina Castagnetti Carlo Bianco Giulia Ballotta Giorgia Tura Martina Caporaletti Marco Cunto Giancarlo Avallone Cinzia Benazzi Fabio Ostanello Daniele Zambelli Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? Animals dog placenta histology necrosis capillary density litter size |
| title | Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? |
| title_full | Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? |
| title_fullStr | Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? |
| title_short | Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome? |
| title_sort | canine placenta histological findings and microvascular density the histological basis of a negative neonatal outcome |
| topic | dog placenta histology necrosis capillary density litter size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1418 |
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