Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care
Abstract Background Pain-related fear-avoidance (FA) is a common problem affecting many patients with painful medical conditions. As there is great interest in the clinical importance of the relationship between FA and disability, several questionnaires have been developed to measure FA. The Fear-Av...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Family Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-020-01116-x |
| _version_ | 1818246024131510272 |
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| author | Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas Randy Neblett Robert J. Gatchel Cristina Roldán-Jiménez |
| author_facet | Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas Randy Neblett Robert J. Gatchel Cristina Roldán-Jiménez |
| author_sort | Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pain-related fear-avoidance (FA) is a common problem affecting many patients with painful medical conditions. As there is great interest in the clinical importance of the relationship between FA and disability, several questionnaires have been developed to measure FA. The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS) is a recently developed patient-reported instrument that addresses critical issues not previously considered in previous FA-related questionnaires. The original English version of the FACS demonstrated good reliability, internal consistency, and construct, criterion, and predictive validity. Two factors were determined: General Fear Avoidance and Types of Activities That are Avoided. The aim of this study was to to translate the FACS into European-style Spanish (FACS-Sp), and validate its psychometric properties. Methods This two-stage psychometric study included 330 subjects with various chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. An initial translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FACS, from English to Spanish, was performed. Then, critical psychometric properties were analysed, including internal consistency by Cronbach’s α coefficients, structural validity from the Maximum Likelihood Extraction (MLE), and convergent validity by Pearson correlation with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Results This study reports for the first time the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FACS. Total scores ranged from 0 to 88 points, with a mean of 30.49 (±17.18). The FACS-Sp showed a high internal consistency for factor 1 (α = 0.902) and factor 2 (α = 0.88). Factor structure was two-dimensional and supported structural validity, accounting for 48.75% of the total variance. Convergent validity analysis found a significant Pearson correlation r = 0.414. Conclusion This study reports for the first time the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FACS-Sp. Psychometric properties supported the validation of FACS-Sp and ensured the conceptual equivalence with the original English version. In primary care and chronic pain rehabilitation, FA assessment is crucial for clinical decision-making and treatment guidance. The FACS-Sp offers a new measure of FA in Spanish speaking populations. Future research on the FACS-Sp should evaluate test-retest reliability, treatment responsiveness and psychometric comparisons with other translated versions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:42:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-856e5b8198104f5e88df10a1b98a512b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2296 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Family Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-856e5b8198104f5e88df10a1b98a512b2022-12-22T00:21:11ZengBMCBMC Family Practice1471-22962020-02-012111910.1186/s12875-020-01116-xCross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary careAntonio I. Cuesta-Vargas0Randy Neblett1Robert J. Gatchel2Cristina Roldán-Jiménez3Department of Physiotherapy of the Faculty of Health Science at the University of Malaga, Cátedra de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía TechPRIDE Research FoundationDepartment of Psychology, Center of Excellence for the Study of Health & Chronic Illnesses, College of Science, The University of Texas at ArlingtonDepartment of Physiotherapy of the Faculty of Health Science at the University of Malaga, Cátedra de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía TechAbstract Background Pain-related fear-avoidance (FA) is a common problem affecting many patients with painful medical conditions. As there is great interest in the clinical importance of the relationship between FA and disability, several questionnaires have been developed to measure FA. The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS) is a recently developed patient-reported instrument that addresses critical issues not previously considered in previous FA-related questionnaires. The original English version of the FACS demonstrated good reliability, internal consistency, and construct, criterion, and predictive validity. Two factors were determined: General Fear Avoidance and Types of Activities That are Avoided. The aim of this study was to to translate the FACS into European-style Spanish (FACS-Sp), and validate its psychometric properties. Methods This two-stage psychometric study included 330 subjects with various chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. An initial translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FACS, from English to Spanish, was performed. Then, critical psychometric properties were analysed, including internal consistency by Cronbach’s α coefficients, structural validity from the Maximum Likelihood Extraction (MLE), and convergent validity by Pearson correlation with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Results This study reports for the first time the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FACS. Total scores ranged from 0 to 88 points, with a mean of 30.49 (±17.18). The FACS-Sp showed a high internal consistency for factor 1 (α = 0.902) and factor 2 (α = 0.88). Factor structure was two-dimensional and supported structural validity, accounting for 48.75% of the total variance. Convergent validity analysis found a significant Pearson correlation r = 0.414. Conclusion This study reports for the first time the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FACS-Sp. Psychometric properties supported the validation of FACS-Sp and ensured the conceptual equivalence with the original English version. In primary care and chronic pain rehabilitation, FA assessment is crucial for clinical decision-making and treatment guidance. The FACS-Sp offers a new measure of FA in Spanish speaking populations. Future research on the FACS-Sp should evaluate test-retest reliability, treatment responsiveness and psychometric comparisons with other translated versions.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-020-01116-xFear-avoidanceThe fear-avoidance components scaleFACSChronic musculoskeletal pain disorders, patient health questionnaire, decision making |
| spellingShingle | Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas Randy Neblett Robert J. Gatchel Cristina Roldán-Jiménez Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care BMC Family Practice Fear-avoidance The fear-avoidance components scale FACS Chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders, patient health questionnaire, decision making |
| title | Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| title_full | Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| title_fullStr | Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| title_short | Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| title_sort | cross cultural adaptation and validity of the spanish fear avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care |
| topic | Fear-avoidance The fear-avoidance components scale FACS Chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders, patient health questionnaire, decision making |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-020-01116-x |
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