Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction
The anode effect can occur during neodymium and didymium oxide electrowinning, causing a surge in the electrochemical cell voltage, interrupting the process, and increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, we develop a mathematical model, based on the mass balance of gas bubbles evolving...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/498 |
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| author | Andre Luiz Nunis da Silva Celia Aparecida Lino dos Santos Rogério de Melo Riberio de Araújo Dominic Feldhaus Bernd Friedrich Fernando José Gomes Landgraf Roberto Guardani |
| author_facet | Andre Luiz Nunis da Silva Celia Aparecida Lino dos Santos Rogério de Melo Riberio de Araújo Dominic Feldhaus Bernd Friedrich Fernando José Gomes Landgraf Roberto Guardani |
| author_sort | Andre Luiz Nunis da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The anode effect can occur during neodymium and didymium oxide electrowinning, causing a surge in the electrochemical cell voltage, interrupting the process, and increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, we develop a mathematical model, based on the mass balance of gas bubbles evolving from the anode, to understand the influence of some process parameters on the anode effect. The anode effect occurs due to bubble coverage and limitations on the mass transfer of the oxide species. Variables such as current density, oxide content, viscosity, and electrolyte composition play an important role in the anodic process. Finally, we propose a mechanism for the occurrence of the anode effect during Nd or Di (Nd–Pr) oxide electrolytic reduction based on models used in aluminum electrolysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:19:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85727b49f16e4fadaac184db4129cba5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-85727b49f16e4fadaac184db4129cba52023-11-30T21:32:12ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-03-0112349810.3390/met12030498Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) ReductionAndre Luiz Nunis da Silva0Celia Aparecida Lino dos Santos1Rogério de Melo Riberio de Araújo2Dominic Feldhaus3Bernd Friedrich4Fernando José Gomes Landgraf5Roberto Guardani6Laboratory of Metallurgical Processes, IPT—Institute for Technological Research of Sao Paulo State, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, Sao Paulo 05508-901, SP, BrazilLaboratory for Corrosion and Protection, IPT—Institute for Technological Research of Sao Paulo State, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, Sao Paulo 05508-901, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Metallurgical Processes, IPT—Institute for Technological Research of Sao Paulo State, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, Sao Paulo 05508-901, SP, BrazilIME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 3, 52056 Aachen, GermanyIME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 3, 52056 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, Sao Paulo 05508-030, SP, BrazilDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Luciano Gualberto, Sao Paulo 05508-010, SP, BrazilThe anode effect can occur during neodymium and didymium oxide electrowinning, causing a surge in the electrochemical cell voltage, interrupting the process, and increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, we develop a mathematical model, based on the mass balance of gas bubbles evolving from the anode, to understand the influence of some process parameters on the anode effect. The anode effect occurs due to bubble coverage and limitations on the mass transfer of the oxide species. Variables such as current density, oxide content, viscosity, and electrolyte composition play an important role in the anodic process. Finally, we propose a mechanism for the occurrence of the anode effect during Nd or Di (Nd–Pr) oxide electrolytic reduction based on models used in aluminum electrolysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/498anode effectneodymium and praseodymium electrowinningmodeling |
| spellingShingle | Andre Luiz Nunis da Silva Celia Aparecida Lino dos Santos Rogério de Melo Riberio de Araújo Dominic Feldhaus Bernd Friedrich Fernando José Gomes Landgraf Roberto Guardani Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction Metals anode effect neodymium and praseodymium electrowinning modeling |
| title | Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction |
| title_full | Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction |
| title_fullStr | Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction |
| title_short | Model and Mechanism of Anode Effect of an Electrochemical Cell for Nd or (Nd, Pr) Reduction |
| title_sort | model and mechanism of anode effect of an electrochemical cell for nd or nd pr reduction |
| topic | anode effect neodymium and praseodymium electrowinning modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/498 |
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