Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones
Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be subjected to temperature changes due to different processes during production. Heat injection has become an advantageous method to produce heavy oils in Canada and Venezuela because it increases oil recovery. The heat reduces oil viscosity and oil flows easily. Colombia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7007 |
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| author | Juan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago Guillermo A. Alzate-Espinosa Alejandra Arbelaez-Londoño Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez Rick Chalaturnyk |
| author_facet | Juan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago Guillermo A. Alzate-Espinosa Alejandra Arbelaez-Londoño Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez Rick Chalaturnyk |
| author_sort | Juan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be subjected to temperature changes due to different processes during production. Heat injection has become an advantageous method to produce heavy oils in Canada and Venezuela because it increases oil recovery. The heat reduces oil viscosity and oil flows easily. Colombia has significant heavy oil reserves in unconsolidated silty sandstones. It is important to understand the mechanical behavior of these reservoirs in thermal recovery conditions (temperature and effective stress). The reconstituted samples from a Colombian heavy oil outcrop were evaluated using a high-temperature and high-pressure triaxial cell. Twelve isotropically consolidated drained triaxial tests were conducted at three different effective stresses (0.4, 4.0, and 8.2 MPa) and a temperature range from 50 to 230 °C to represent the initial and thermal recovery conditions, and obtain parameters, such as Young’s and Bulk moduli, internal friction angle, and cohesion. The samples at higher confining stress (4.0 and 8.2 MPa) were under contraction, while samples at lower confining stress (0.4 MPa) were under dilation. The stiffness increased as the confining stress increased and decreased as temperature increased, and the strength properties significantly decreased as temperature increased. Finally, the Colombian samples exhibited low friction angles when compared to clean sandstones as Canadian sands. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:03:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8588b65a87d1447ebc7363e4ed902b68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:03:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8588b65a87d1447ebc7363e4ed902b682023-11-22T20:42:12ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-10-011421700710.3390/en14217007Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty SandstonesJuan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago0Guillermo A. Alzate-Espinosa1Alejandra Arbelaez-Londoño2Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez3Rick Chalaturnyk4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2G 2R3, CanadaDepartamento de Procesos y Energía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 80#65–223, Medellin 050034, ColombiaDepartamento de Procesos y Energía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 80#65–223, Medellin 050034, ColombiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2G 2R3, CanadaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2G 2R3, CanadaHydrocarbon reservoirs can be subjected to temperature changes due to different processes during production. Heat injection has become an advantageous method to produce heavy oils in Canada and Venezuela because it increases oil recovery. The heat reduces oil viscosity and oil flows easily. Colombia has significant heavy oil reserves in unconsolidated silty sandstones. It is important to understand the mechanical behavior of these reservoirs in thermal recovery conditions (temperature and effective stress). The reconstituted samples from a Colombian heavy oil outcrop were evaluated using a high-temperature and high-pressure triaxial cell. Twelve isotropically consolidated drained triaxial tests were conducted at three different effective stresses (0.4, 4.0, and 8.2 MPa) and a temperature range from 50 to 230 °C to represent the initial and thermal recovery conditions, and obtain parameters, such as Young’s and Bulk moduli, internal friction angle, and cohesion. The samples at higher confining stress (4.0 and 8.2 MPa) were under contraction, while samples at lower confining stress (0.4 MPa) were under dilation. The stiffness increased as the confining stress increased and decreased as temperature increased, and the strength properties significantly decreased as temperature increased. Finally, the Colombian samples exhibited low friction angles when compared to clean sandstones as Canadian sands.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7007elastic propertiesthermal recoveryhigh temperature |
| spellingShingle | Juan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago Guillermo A. Alzate-Espinosa Alejandra Arbelaez-Londoño Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez Rick Chalaturnyk Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones Energies elastic properties thermal recovery high temperature |
| title | Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones |
| title_full | Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones |
| title_short | Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones |
| title_sort | experimental study on the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of unconsolidated silty sandstones |
| topic | elastic properties thermal recovery high temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7007 |
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