An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids
Smart energy meters supporting bidirectional data communication enable novel remote error monitoring applications. This research targets characterization of the systematic worst-case error of the previously published remote watthour meter’s gain estimation method based on the comparison of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/37 |
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| author | Robertas Lukočius Žilvinas Nakutis Vytautas Daunoras Ramūnas Deltuva Pranas Kuzas Roma Račkienė |
| author_facet | Robertas Lukočius Žilvinas Nakutis Vytautas Daunoras Ramūnas Deltuva Pranas Kuzas Roma Račkienė |
| author_sort | Robertas Lukočius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smart energy meters supporting bidirectional data communication enable novel remote error monitoring applications. This research targets characterization of the systematic worst-case error of the previously published remote watthour meter’s gain estimation method based on the comparison of synchronous measurements by the reference and meter under test. To achieve the research aim a methodology based on global maximization of the systematic error objective function assuming the typical low voltage electrical distribution network operation parameters ranges as defined by the standard recommendations for network design. To cross verify the reliability of the assessed solutions the suggested error analysis methodology was implemented utilizing two stochastic global extremum search techniques (genetic algorithms, pattern search) and the third one utilizing nonlinear programming solver. It was determined that the wattmeter adjustment gain worst-case error does not exceed 0.5% if the remote wattmeter monitored load power factor is larger than 0.1 and a network is designed according to the recommendation of the acceptable voltage drop less than 5%. For a load exhibiting power factor larger than cos φ = 0.9 the worst-case error was found to be less than 0.1%. It is concluded therefore that considering the systematic worst-case error the previously suggested remote wattmeter adjustment gain estimation method is suitable for remote error monitoring of Class 2 and Class 1 wattmeters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:10:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85992b62cedb4b65985c5880904fcfcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:10:49Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-85992b62cedb4b65985c5880904fcfcb2022-12-22T04:27:28ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-12-011213710.3390/en12010037en12010037An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart GridsRobertas Lukočius0Žilvinas Nakutis1Vytautas Daunoras2Ramūnas Deltuva3Pranas Kuzas4Roma Račkienė5Department of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 48, Kaunas LT-51367, LithuaniaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 50, Kaunas LT-51368, LithuaniaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 50, Kaunas LT-51368, LithuaniaDepartment of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 48, Kaunas LT-51367, LithuaniaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 50, Kaunas LT-51368, LithuaniaDepartment of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 48, Kaunas LT-51367, LithuaniaSmart energy meters supporting bidirectional data communication enable novel remote error monitoring applications. This research targets characterization of the systematic worst-case error of the previously published remote watthour meter’s gain estimation method based on the comparison of synchronous measurements by the reference and meter under test. To achieve the research aim a methodology based on global maximization of the systematic error objective function assuming the typical low voltage electrical distribution network operation parameters ranges as defined by the standard recommendations for network design. To cross verify the reliability of the assessed solutions the suggested error analysis methodology was implemented utilizing two stochastic global extremum search techniques (genetic algorithms, pattern search) and the third one utilizing nonlinear programming solver. It was determined that the wattmeter adjustment gain worst-case error does not exceed 0.5% if the remote wattmeter monitored load power factor is larger than 0.1 and a network is designed according to the recommendation of the acceptable voltage drop less than 5%. For a load exhibiting power factor larger than cos φ = 0.9 the worst-case error was found to be less than 0.1%. It is concluded therefore that considering the systematic worst-case error the previously suggested remote wattmeter adjustment gain estimation method is suitable for remote error monitoring of Class 2 and Class 1 wattmeters.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/37watthour metergain adjustmentsystematic errorgenetic algorithmspattern searchFMINCONconstrained optimization |
| spellingShingle | Robertas Lukočius Žilvinas Nakutis Vytautas Daunoras Ramūnas Deltuva Pranas Kuzas Roma Račkienė An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids Energies watthour meter gain adjustment systematic error genetic algorithms pattern search FMINCON constrained optimization |
| title | An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids |
| title_full | An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids |
| title_fullStr | An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids |
| title_short | An Analysis of the Systematic Error of a Remote Method for a Wattmeter Adjustment Gain Estimation in Smart Grids |
| title_sort | analysis of the systematic error of a remote method for a wattmeter adjustment gain estimation in smart grids |
| topic | watthour meter gain adjustment systematic error genetic algorithms pattern search FMINCON constrained optimization |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/37 |
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