Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics
The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly, we performed a land capability class determination of the agricultural soils from the Abu Dhabi Emirate, the United Arab Emirates, based on the concentrations of 17 chemical elements determined in the soil samples collected from 84 locations. Secondly, we...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/5/95 |
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| author | Yousef Nazzal Alina Bărbulescu Fares Howari Ahmed A. Al-Taani Jibran Iqbal Cijo M. Xavier Manish Sharma Cristian Ștefan Dumitriu |
| author_facet | Yousef Nazzal Alina Bărbulescu Fares Howari Ahmed A. Al-Taani Jibran Iqbal Cijo M. Xavier Manish Sharma Cristian Ștefan Dumitriu |
| author_sort | Yousef Nazzal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly, we performed a land capability class determination of the agricultural soils from the Abu Dhabi Emirate, the United Arab Emirates, based on the concentrations of 17 chemical elements determined in the soil samples collected from 84 locations. Secondly, we assess the soil pollution with different metals, using several pollution indices. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that four principal components (PCs) are responsible for describing the total metals concentrations’ variance, the highest contribution on PC1 being that of Mn, and Cr, on PC2 that of Fe, on PC3 that of Cu, and on PC4 that of Al. After determining the optimal number of clusters, we classified the sites into three clusters, while the studied metals were grouped function on their concentrations. Then, we used five indices to assess the pollution level of the soil at the study sites and in the clusters. The geo—accumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) indicates uncontamination/moderately contamination with Cu in cluster 1, uncontaminated/moderately contaminate soils with Cd, Cu, and Ni in cluster 2, and uncontaminated/moderately contaminated soil with Cu and moderately contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Ni in cluster 3. By comparison, the enrichment factors overestimate the pollution of the studied sites. The pollution load index (PLI) indicates a baseline level of pollution at 14 sites and the deterioration of the soil quality at four sites. The Nemerow pollution index provides similar results as PLI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:59:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-859a391f99304da8b207f3b68751934f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:59:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-859a391f99304da8b207f3b68751934f2023-11-21T17:04:54ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-04-01959510.3390/toxics9050095Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate StatisticsYousef Nazzal0Alina Bărbulescu1Fares Howari2Ahmed A. Al-Taani3Jibran Iqbal4Cijo M. Xavier5Manish Sharma6Cristian Ștefan Dumitriu7College of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 5 Turnului Str., 900152 Brașov, RomaniaCollege of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Natural Health and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab EmiratesSC. Utilnavorep SA, 55 Aurel Vlaicu Bd., 900055 Constanța, RomaniaThe aim of this study was twofold. Firstly, we performed a land capability class determination of the agricultural soils from the Abu Dhabi Emirate, the United Arab Emirates, based on the concentrations of 17 chemical elements determined in the soil samples collected from 84 locations. Secondly, we assess the soil pollution with different metals, using several pollution indices. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that four principal components (PCs) are responsible for describing the total metals concentrations’ variance, the highest contribution on PC1 being that of Mn, and Cr, on PC2 that of Fe, on PC3 that of Cu, and on PC4 that of Al. After determining the optimal number of clusters, we classified the sites into three clusters, while the studied metals were grouped function on their concentrations. Then, we used five indices to assess the pollution level of the soil at the study sites and in the clusters. The geo—accumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) indicates uncontamination/moderately contamination with Cu in cluster 1, uncontaminated/moderately contaminate soils with Cd, Cu, and Ni in cluster 2, and uncontaminated/moderately contaminated soil with Cu and moderately contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Ni in cluster 3. By comparison, the enrichment factors overestimate the pollution of the studied sites. The pollution load index (PLI) indicates a baseline level of pollution at 14 sites and the deterioration of the soil quality at four sites. The Nemerow pollution index provides similar results as PLI.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/5/95soil pollutionmultivariate analysisPCApollution indices |
| spellingShingle | Yousef Nazzal Alina Bărbulescu Fares Howari Ahmed A. Al-Taani Jibran Iqbal Cijo M. Xavier Manish Sharma Cristian Ștefan Dumitriu Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics Toxics soil pollution multivariate analysis PCA pollution indices |
| title | Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics |
| title_full | Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics |
| title_short | Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics |
| title_sort | assessment of metals concentrations in soils of abu dhabi emirate using pollution indices and multivariate statistics |
| topic | soil pollution multivariate analysis PCA pollution indices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/5/95 |
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