3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry
The rapid development in 3D printing applications requires exploring a sustainable printable mixture to decrease the environmental impact induced by the existing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mixtures and enable 3D printing technology to reach its peak efficiency. The high-volume substitution of OP...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023002426 |
| _version_ | 1797802795229773824 |
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| author | Yazeed A. Al-Noaimat Mehdi Chougan Mazen J. Al-kheetan Othman Al-Mandhari Waleed Al-Saidi Marwan Al-Maqbali Haitham Al-Hosni Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar |
| author_facet | Yazeed A. Al-Noaimat Mehdi Chougan Mazen J. Al-kheetan Othman Al-Mandhari Waleed Al-Saidi Marwan Al-Maqbali Haitham Al-Hosni Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar |
| author_sort | Yazeed A. Al-Noaimat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid development in 3D printing applications requires exploring a sustainable printable mixture to decrease the environmental impact induced by the existing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mixtures and enable 3D printing technology to reach its peak efficiency. The high-volume substitution of OPC with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is of significant interest as a promising solution for developing low-carbon feedstock for 3D printing. Yet, those materials share the problem of limited availability. The combination of limestone and calcined clay could be a promising alternative, offering various benefits, including replacing OPC in high ratios. This paper reviews 3D printable limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) mixtures, compositions, and chemical behaviour. The effect of different sand-to-binder ratios, additives content, OPC replacement levels, clay grade and calcination, and admixtures on the fresh, hardened and printing properties of the 3D printed mixtures are critically discussed. The environmental impact and production cost of the LC3 system compared to OPC and other systems are also critically evaluated along with the applications, future directions and research gaps in this field. The findings of this review show that 3D printed LC3 has a similar hardened performance and better microstructure than OPC system. Moreover, cast LC3 system has 30–50% lower environmental impacts depending on the replacement level and better economic feasibility than OPC. Therefore, making it a suitable feedstock for the innovative manufacturing technology of 3D printing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:11:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-859d633601524f80bed3ef2878fc4863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:11:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-859d633601524f80bed3ef2878fc48632023-06-16T05:10:57ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302023-06-01181011153D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industryYazeed A. Al-Noaimat0Mehdi Chougan1Mazen J. Al-kheetan2Othman Al-Mandhari3Waleed Al-Saidi4Marwan Al-Maqbali5Haitham Al-Hosni6Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar7Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United KingdomDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United KingdomDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mutah University Mutah, Karak, 61710, P.O. BOX 7 JordanInnotech, Ghala Industrial Zone, Muscat, OmanInnotech, Ghala Industrial Zone, Muscat, OmanIndustrial Innovation Academy, Knowledge Oasis Muscat, OmanIndustrial Innovation Academy, Knowledge Oasis Muscat, OmanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Jordan; Corresponding author. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.The rapid development in 3D printing applications requires exploring a sustainable printable mixture to decrease the environmental impact induced by the existing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mixtures and enable 3D printing technology to reach its peak efficiency. The high-volume substitution of OPC with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is of significant interest as a promising solution for developing low-carbon feedstock for 3D printing. Yet, those materials share the problem of limited availability. The combination of limestone and calcined clay could be a promising alternative, offering various benefits, including replacing OPC in high ratios. This paper reviews 3D printable limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) mixtures, compositions, and chemical behaviour. The effect of different sand-to-binder ratios, additives content, OPC replacement levels, clay grade and calcination, and admixtures on the fresh, hardened and printing properties of the 3D printed mixtures are critically discussed. The environmental impact and production cost of the LC3 system compared to OPC and other systems are also critically evaluated along with the applications, future directions and research gaps in this field. The findings of this review show that 3D printed LC3 has a similar hardened performance and better microstructure than OPC system. Moreover, cast LC3 system has 30–50% lower environmental impacts depending on the replacement level and better economic feasibility than OPC. Therefore, making it a suitable feedstock for the innovative manufacturing technology of 3D printing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023002426Calcined clayLimestone3D printingEngineering propertiesEnvironmental assessmentEconomic feasibility |
| spellingShingle | Yazeed A. Al-Noaimat Mehdi Chougan Mazen J. Al-kheetan Othman Al-Mandhari Waleed Al-Saidi Marwan Al-Maqbali Haitham Al-Hosni Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry Results in Engineering Calcined clay Limestone 3D printing Engineering properties Environmental assessment Economic feasibility |
| title | 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| title_full | 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| title_fullStr | 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| title_short | 3D printing of limestone-calcined clay cement: A review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| title_sort | 3d printing of limestone calcined clay cement a review of its potential implementation in the construction industry |
| topic | Calcined clay Limestone 3D printing Engineering properties Environmental assessment Economic feasibility |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023002426 |
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