Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States
Understanding the failure mechanisms of rocks that are exposed to different water contents is important for rock stability in rock engineering applications, and the quantitative analysis of rock behavior is necessary for predicting and preventing the occurrence of rock failure due to water effects....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3127 |
| _version_ | 1797592781599801344 |
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| author | Hongjian Wang Zhendong Cui Chong Xu Rui Yong Fei Zhao Shangyuan Chen |
| author_facet | Hongjian Wang Zhendong Cui Chong Xu Rui Yong Fei Zhao Shangyuan Chen |
| author_sort | Hongjian Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the failure mechanisms of rocks that are exposed to different water contents is important for rock stability in rock engineering applications, and the quantitative analysis of rock behavior is necessary for predicting and preventing the occurrence of rock failure due to water effects. Mechanical tests using real-time acoustic emission (AE) technology were carried out to reveal the damage evolution in sandstone rocks in a dried state, natural state, and saturated state, which includes a quantitative analysis of AE characteristics and cracking properties. The testing results indicate that with the growth of water content, sandstone rocks show a decreasing trend in strength and tend to experience gentle damage with relatively fewer fractures. The crack morphology of the main fracture surfaces is quantitatively described, including a fractal dimension calculation and cracking length measurements. As the water content rises, when rock failure occurs, a higher AE <i>b</i>-value can be obtained, revealing an increasing proportion of large-scale cracks. The fractal dimension of the acoustic emission hit rate shows that the evolution of rock damage and deformation has self-similarity, that is, the transformation from order to disorder to order, and it is affected by different water contents. The AE waveforms of the sandstone have two dominant frequency bands (0~75 kHz and 75~150 kHz) no matter which water-bearing state they are in. The increase in rock water content has resulted in the decline of AE waveforms located in the range of 200–300 kHz, whereas the rise of AE waveforms is located in the range of 0–50 kHz. The findings of this study deepen our understanding of the mechanism behind rock failure and provide a meaningful reference for disaster assessment and control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:59:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-859d6fc5ddf441b08cf50be4f3ac3869 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:59:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-859d6fc5ddf441b08cf50be4f3ac38692023-11-18T12:26:50ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-06-011512312710.3390/rs15123127Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content StatesHongjian Wang0Zhendong Cui1Chong Xu2Rui Yong3Fei Zhao4Shangyuan Chen5College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaNational Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, ChinaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaCollege of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, ChinaSchool of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, ChinaUnderstanding the failure mechanisms of rocks that are exposed to different water contents is important for rock stability in rock engineering applications, and the quantitative analysis of rock behavior is necessary for predicting and preventing the occurrence of rock failure due to water effects. Mechanical tests using real-time acoustic emission (AE) technology were carried out to reveal the damage evolution in sandstone rocks in a dried state, natural state, and saturated state, which includes a quantitative analysis of AE characteristics and cracking properties. The testing results indicate that with the growth of water content, sandstone rocks show a decreasing trend in strength and tend to experience gentle damage with relatively fewer fractures. The crack morphology of the main fracture surfaces is quantitatively described, including a fractal dimension calculation and cracking length measurements. As the water content rises, when rock failure occurs, a higher AE <i>b</i>-value can be obtained, revealing an increasing proportion of large-scale cracks. The fractal dimension of the acoustic emission hit rate shows that the evolution of rock damage and deformation has self-similarity, that is, the transformation from order to disorder to order, and it is affected by different water contents. The AE waveforms of the sandstone have two dominant frequency bands (0~75 kHz and 75~150 kHz) no matter which water-bearing state they are in. The increase in rock water content has resulted in the decline of AE waveforms located in the range of 200–300 kHz, whereas the rise of AE waveforms is located in the range of 0–50 kHz. The findings of this study deepen our understanding of the mechanism behind rock failure and provide a meaningful reference for disaster assessment and control.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3127sandstonewater contentacoustic emissioncracking propertiesfractal dimensionprecursory information |
| spellingShingle | Hongjian Wang Zhendong Cui Chong Xu Rui Yong Fei Zhao Shangyuan Chen Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States Remote Sensing sandstone water content acoustic emission cracking properties fractal dimension precursory information |
| title | Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States |
| title_full | Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States |
| title_short | Study on the Damage Mechanism of Sandstone under Different Water Content States |
| title_sort | study on the damage mechanism of sandstone under different water content states |
| topic | sandstone water content acoustic emission cracking properties fractal dimension precursory information |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3127 |
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