Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites
Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential of hybrid composites in the context of additive manufacturing. The use of hybrid composites can lead to an enhanced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the specific loading case. Furthermore, the hybridization of multiple fiber material...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1164 |
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| author | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Nils Waldt Günter Klawitter Thomas Vietor |
| author_facet | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Nils Waldt Günter Klawitter Thomas Vietor |
| author_sort | Tim Heitkamp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential of hybrid composites in the context of additive manufacturing. The use of hybrid composites can lead to an enhanced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the specific loading case. Furthermore, the hybridization of multiple fiber materials can result in positive hybrid effects such as increased stiffness or strength. In contrast to the literature, where only the interply and intrayarn approach has been experimentally validated, this study presents a new intraply approach, which is experimentally and numerically investigated. Three different types of tensile specimens were tested. The non-hybrid tensile specimens were reinforced with contour-based fiber strands of carbon and glass. In addition, hybrid tensile specimens were manufactured using an intraply approach with alternating carbon and glass fiber strands in a layer plane. In addition to experimental testing, a finite element model was developed to better understand the failure modes of the hybrid and non-hybrid specimens. The failure was estimated using the Hashin and Tsai–Wu failure criteria. The specimens showed similar strengths but greatly different stiffnesses based on the experimental results. The hybrid specimens demonstrated a significant positive hybrid effect in terms of stiffness. Using FEA, the failure load and fracture locations of the specimens were determined with good accuracy. Microstructural investigations of the fracture surfaces showed notable evidence of delamination between the different fiber strands of the hybrid specimens. In addition to delamination, strong debonding was particularly evident in all specimen types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85ad82cfbb6e444d92dd88a69868794b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-85ad82cfbb6e444d92dd88a69868794b2023-11-17T08:27:03ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01155116410.3390/polym15051164Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid CompositesTim Heitkamp0Simon Girnth1Sebastian Kuschmitz2Nils Waldt3Günter Klawitter4Thomas Vietor5Faculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyFaculty II, Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 30459 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyRecent research efforts have highlighted the potential of hybrid composites in the context of additive manufacturing. The use of hybrid composites can lead to an enhanced adaptability of the mechanical properties to the specific loading case. Furthermore, the hybridization of multiple fiber materials can result in positive hybrid effects such as increased stiffness or strength. In contrast to the literature, where only the interply and intrayarn approach has been experimentally validated, this study presents a new intraply approach, which is experimentally and numerically investigated. Three different types of tensile specimens were tested. The non-hybrid tensile specimens were reinforced with contour-based fiber strands of carbon and glass. In addition, hybrid tensile specimens were manufactured using an intraply approach with alternating carbon and glass fiber strands in a layer plane. In addition to experimental testing, a finite element model was developed to better understand the failure modes of the hybrid and non-hybrid specimens. The failure was estimated using the Hashin and Tsai–Wu failure criteria. The specimens showed similar strengths but greatly different stiffnesses based on the experimental results. The hybrid specimens demonstrated a significant positive hybrid effect in terms of stiffness. Using FEA, the failure load and fracture locations of the specimens were determined with good accuracy. Microstructural investigations of the fracture surfaces showed notable evidence of delamination between the different fiber strands of the hybrid specimens. In addition to delamination, strong debonding was particularly evident in all specimen types.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1164continuous fiberfiber-reinforced additive manufacturinghybrid compositesfinite element analysis (FEA)material extrusionhybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| spellingShingle | Tim Heitkamp Simon Girnth Sebastian Kuschmitz Nils Waldt Günter Klawitter Thomas Vietor Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites Polymers continuous fiber fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing hybrid composites finite element analysis (FEA) material extrusion hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Composites |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of 3d printed hybrid and non hybrid composites |
| topic | continuous fiber fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing hybrid composites finite element analysis (FEA) material extrusion hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1164 |
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