A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i>
This study isolated and characterized a new phage infecting the marine photoheterotrophic bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i>, which fills the gap in research on phages targeting this ecologically important species. The phage vB_CbaS-RXM (RXM) has a dsDNA genome with a length o...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/3/512 |
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| author | Ruijie Ma Shuai Shao Shuzhen Wei Junlei Ye Yahui Yang Nianzhi Jiao Rui Zhang |
| author_facet | Ruijie Ma Shuai Shao Shuzhen Wei Junlei Ye Yahui Yang Nianzhi Jiao Rui Zhang |
| author_sort | Ruijie Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study isolated and characterized a new phage infecting the marine photoheterotrophic bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i>, which fills the gap in research on phages targeting this ecologically important species. The phage vB_CbaS-RXM (RXM) has a dsDNA genome with a length of 104,206 bp and G+C content of 61.64%. The taxonomic analysis found a close evolutionary relationship between RXM, <i>Erythrobacter</i> phage vB_EliS-L02, and <i>Sphingobium</i> phage Lacusarx, and we propose that RXM represents a new species of the <i>Lacusarxvirus</i> genus. A one-step growth curve revealed a burst size of 75 plaque-forming units (PFUs) per cell in a 3-hour infection cycle. The lysis profile of RXM showed an intraspecific lethal rate of 26.3% against 38 citromicrobial strains. RXM contains 15 auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to diverse cellular processes, such as putative metabolic innovation and hijacking of host nucleotide metabolism to enhance its biosynthetic capacity. An in-depth analysis showed that phage functional genes strongly rely on the host for translation, while the translation of unique phage genes with less host dependency may be complemented by phage tRNA. Overall, our study investigated the infection kinetics, genetic traits, taxonomy, and predicted roles of AMGs and tRNA genes of this new phage, which contributes to a better understanding of phage diversity and phage–bacterium interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85b42879ba3f45aca093aed5c6cb7455 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-85b42879ba3f45aca093aed5c6cb74552023-11-30T22:45:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-03-0114351210.3390/v14030512A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i>Ruijie Ma0Shuai Shao1Shuzhen Wei2Junlei Ye3Yahui Yang4Nianzhi Jiao5Rui Zhang6State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaThis study isolated and characterized a new phage infecting the marine photoheterotrophic bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i>, which fills the gap in research on phages targeting this ecologically important species. The phage vB_CbaS-RXM (RXM) has a dsDNA genome with a length of 104,206 bp and G+C content of 61.64%. The taxonomic analysis found a close evolutionary relationship between RXM, <i>Erythrobacter</i> phage vB_EliS-L02, and <i>Sphingobium</i> phage Lacusarx, and we propose that RXM represents a new species of the <i>Lacusarxvirus</i> genus. A one-step growth curve revealed a burst size of 75 plaque-forming units (PFUs) per cell in a 3-hour infection cycle. The lysis profile of RXM showed an intraspecific lethal rate of 26.3% against 38 citromicrobial strains. RXM contains 15 auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to diverse cellular processes, such as putative metabolic innovation and hijacking of host nucleotide metabolism to enhance its biosynthetic capacity. An in-depth analysis showed that phage functional genes strongly rely on the host for translation, while the translation of unique phage genes with less host dependency may be complemented by phage tRNA. Overall, our study investigated the infection kinetics, genetic traits, taxonomy, and predicted roles of AMGs and tRNA genes of this new phage, which contributes to a better understanding of phage diversity and phage–bacterium interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/3/512bacteriophage<i>Citromicrobium</i>photoheterotrophic bacteriaauxiliary metabolic genesviral tRNA |
| spellingShingle | Ruijie Ma Shuai Shao Shuzhen Wei Junlei Ye Yahui Yang Nianzhi Jiao Rui Zhang A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> Viruses bacteriophage <i>Citromicrobium</i> photoheterotrophic bacteria auxiliary metabolic genes viral tRNA |
| title | A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> |
| title_full | A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> |
| title_short | A Novel Phage Infecting the Marine Photoheterotrophic Bacterium <i>Citromicrobium bathyomarinum</i> |
| title_sort | novel phage infecting the marine photoheterotrophic bacterium i citromicrobium bathyomarinum i |
| topic | bacteriophage <i>Citromicrobium</i> photoheterotrophic bacteria auxiliary metabolic genes viral tRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/3/512 |
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