Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics
Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/20/6133 |
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| author | Abhishek Indurkar Rajan Choudhary Kristaps Rubenis Janis Locs |
| author_facet | Abhishek Indurkar Rajan Choudhary Kristaps Rubenis Janis Locs |
| author_sort | Abhishek Indurkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or fabricated porous material to impart strength and integrity. Conventional sintering is the simplest sintering technique, but the processing of CaPs at a high temperature for a long time usually leads to the formation of secondary phases due to their thermal instability. Furthermore, it results in excessive grain growth that obstructs the densification process, limiting the application of CaP’s ceramics in bone regeneration. This review focuses on advanced sintering techniques used for the densification of CaPs. These techniques utilize the synergy of temperature with one or more parameters such as external pressure, electromagnetic radiation, electric current, or the incorporation of transient liquid that boosts the mass transfer while lowering the sintering temperature and time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85bca86985ed4f47a3f7c23f0d78fdc6 |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-85bca86985ed4f47a3f7c23f0d78fdc62023-11-22T18:59:33ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-10-011420613310.3390/ma14206133Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates CeramicsAbhishek Indurkar0Rajan Choudhary1Kristaps Rubenis2Janis Locs3Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaRudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaRudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaRudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaCalcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or fabricated porous material to impart strength and integrity. Conventional sintering is the simplest sintering technique, but the processing of CaPs at a high temperature for a long time usually leads to the formation of secondary phases due to their thermal instability. Furthermore, it results in excessive grain growth that obstructs the densification process, limiting the application of CaP’s ceramics in bone regeneration. This review focuses on advanced sintering techniques used for the densification of CaPs. These techniques utilize the synergy of temperature with one or more parameters such as external pressure, electromagnetic radiation, electric current, or the incorporation of transient liquid that boosts the mass transfer while lowering the sintering temperature and time.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/20/6133calcium phosphatessinteringbioceramicsbone tissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Abhishek Indurkar Rajan Choudhary Kristaps Rubenis Janis Locs Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics Materials calcium phosphates sintering bioceramics bone tissue engineering |
| title | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
| title_full | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
| title_short | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
| title_sort | advances in sintering techniques for calcium phosphates ceramics |
| topic | calcium phosphates sintering bioceramics bone tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/20/6133 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abhishekindurkar advancesinsinteringtechniquesforcalciumphosphatesceramics AT rajanchoudhary advancesinsinteringtechniquesforcalciumphosphatesceramics AT kristapsrubenis advancesinsinteringtechniquesforcalciumphosphatesceramics AT janislocs advancesinsinteringtechniquesforcalciumphosphatesceramics |