Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System
This article presents a discrete event simulation-based approach for assessing the operating performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS) under different operating scenarios. Different operating scenarios are specified in terms of ice conditions, the volume of maritime traffic...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6747 |
| _version_ | 1797552492395888640 |
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| author | Martin Bergström Pentti Kujala |
| author_facet | Martin Bergström Pentti Kujala |
| author_sort | Martin Bergström |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article presents a discrete event simulation-based approach for assessing the operating performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS) under different operating scenarios. Different operating scenarios are specified in terms of ice conditions, the volume of maritime traffic, number of icebreakers (IBs), and regulations such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Considered performance indicators include transport capacity, number of instances of icebreaker (IB) assistance, and IB waiting times. The approach is validated against real-world data on maritime traffic in the Bothnian Bay. In terms of the number of ship arrivals per port, indicating the transport capacity of the FSWNS, the simulation agrees well with the data. In terms of the number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times per port, the standard deviations between the mean of 35 independent simulation runs and the data are 13% and 18%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the simulated number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times is particularly sensitive to assumptions concerning the presence of brash ice channels. Case studies indicate that, unless the number of IBs is increased, the EEDI regulations may result in a significant increase in both the number of instances of IB assistance and the cumulated IB waiting times. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:01:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85d79ff6021f4f26bd149ad46d9a906c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:01:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-85d79ff6021f4f26bd149ad46d9a906c2023-11-20T15:14:54ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-09-011019674710.3390/app10196747Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation SystemMartin Bergström0Pentti Kujala1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandThis article presents a discrete event simulation-based approach for assessing the operating performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS) under different operating scenarios. Different operating scenarios are specified in terms of ice conditions, the volume of maritime traffic, number of icebreakers (IBs), and regulations such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Considered performance indicators include transport capacity, number of instances of icebreaker (IB) assistance, and IB waiting times. The approach is validated against real-world data on maritime traffic in the Bothnian Bay. In terms of the number of ship arrivals per port, indicating the transport capacity of the FSWNS, the simulation agrees well with the data. In terms of the number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times per port, the standard deviations between the mean of 35 independent simulation runs and the data are 13% and 18%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the simulated number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times is particularly sensitive to assumptions concerning the presence of brash ice channels. Case studies indicate that, unless the number of IBs is increased, the EEDI regulations may result in a significant increase in both the number of instances of IB assistance and the cumulated IB waiting times.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6747winter navigationarctic shippingice class shipsicebreakersmaritime transport systemsenergy efficiency design index (EEDI) |
| spellingShingle | Martin Bergström Pentti Kujala Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System Applied Sciences winter navigation arctic shipping ice class ships icebreakers maritime transport systems energy efficiency design index (EEDI) |
| title | Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System |
| title_full | Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System |
| title_fullStr | Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System |
| title_short | Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System |
| title_sort | simulation based assessment of the operational performance of the finnish swedish winter navigation system |
| topic | winter navigation arctic shipping ice class ships icebreakers maritime transport systems energy efficiency design index (EEDI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6747 |
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