Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions
Maintaining equilibrium is basically a sensorimotor integration task. The central nervous system continually and selectively weights and rapidly integrates sensory inputs from multiple sources, and coordinates multiple outputs. The weighting process is based on the availability and accuracy of affer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00190/full |
| _version_ | 1818128821681913856 |
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| author | Jean-Louis eHoneine Marco eSchieppati Marco eSchieppati |
| author_facet | Jean-Louis eHoneine Marco eSchieppati Marco eSchieppati |
| author_sort | Jean-Louis eHoneine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maintaining equilibrium is basically a sensorimotor integration task. The central nervous system continually and selectively weights and rapidly integrates sensory inputs from multiple sources, and coordinates multiple outputs. The weighting process is based on the availability and accuracy of afferent signals at a given instant, on the time-period required to process each input, and possibly on the plasticity of the relevant pathways. The likelihood that sensory inflow changes while balancing under static or dynamic conditions is high, because subjects can pass from a dark to a well-lit environment or from a tactile-guided stabilization to loss of haptic inflow. This review article presents recent data on the temporal events accompanying sensory transition, on which basic information is fragmentary. The processing time from sensory shift to reaching a new steady state includes the time to (a) subtract or integrate sensory inputs, (b) move from allocentric to egocentric reference or vice versa, and (c) adjust the calibration of motor activity in time and amplitude to the new sensory set. We present examples of processes of integration of posture-stabilizing information, and of the respective sensorimotor time-intervals while allowing or occluding vision or adding or subtracting tactile information. These intervals are short, in the order of 1-2 s for different postural conditions, modalities and deliberate or passive shift. They are just longer for haptic than visual shift, just shorter on withdrawal than on addition of stabilizing input, and on deliberate than unexpected mode. The delays are the shortest (for haptic shift) in blind subjects. Since automatic balance stabilization may be vulnerable to sensory-integration delays and to interference from concurrent cognitive tasks in patients with sensorimotor problems, insight into the processing time for balance control represents a critical step in the design of new balance- and locomotion training devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:39:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85d935c92c5e427795323ca4f08499c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5137 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:39:21Z |
| publishDate | 2014-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-85d935c92c5e427795323ca4f08499c12022-12-22T01:15:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience1662-51372014-10-01810.3389/fnsys.2014.00190110393Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditionsJean-Louis eHoneine0Marco eSchieppati1Marco eSchieppati2University of PaviaUniversity of PaviaFondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS)Maintaining equilibrium is basically a sensorimotor integration task. The central nervous system continually and selectively weights and rapidly integrates sensory inputs from multiple sources, and coordinates multiple outputs. The weighting process is based on the availability and accuracy of afferent signals at a given instant, on the time-period required to process each input, and possibly on the plasticity of the relevant pathways. The likelihood that sensory inflow changes while balancing under static or dynamic conditions is high, because subjects can pass from a dark to a well-lit environment or from a tactile-guided stabilization to loss of haptic inflow. This review article presents recent data on the temporal events accompanying sensory transition, on which basic information is fragmentary. The processing time from sensory shift to reaching a new steady state includes the time to (a) subtract or integrate sensory inputs, (b) move from allocentric to egocentric reference or vice versa, and (c) adjust the calibration of motor activity in time and amplitude to the new sensory set. We present examples of processes of integration of posture-stabilizing information, and of the respective sensorimotor time-intervals while allowing or occluding vision or adding or subtracting tactile information. These intervals are short, in the order of 1-2 s for different postural conditions, modalities and deliberate or passive shift. They are just longer for haptic than visual shift, just shorter on withdrawal than on addition of stabilizing input, and on deliberate than unexpected mode. The delays are the shortest (for haptic shift) in blind subjects. Since automatic balance stabilization may be vulnerable to sensory-integration delays and to interference from concurrent cognitive tasks in patients with sensorimotor problems, insight into the processing time for balance control represents a critical step in the design of new balance- and locomotion training devices.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00190/fullVisionhapticsensory integrationequilibriumSensory reweightingdynamic balance |
| spellingShingle | Jean-Louis eHoneine Marco eSchieppati Marco eSchieppati Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience Vision haptic sensory integration equilibrium Sensory reweighting dynamic balance |
| title | Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| title_full | Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| title_fullStr | Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| title_short | Time-interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| title_sort | time interval for integration of stabilizing haptic and visual information in subjects balancing under static and dynamic conditions |
| topic | Vision haptic sensory integration equilibrium Sensory reweighting dynamic balance |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00190/full |
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