The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study
Currently, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4 in celery and F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii (Foci) in coriander have the characteristics of emerging infectious plant diseases in coastal southern California: the pathogens are spreading, yield losses can be severe, and there are currently no e...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.921516/full |
| _version_ | 1828555146911547392 |
|---|---|
| author | Lynn Epstein Sukhwinder Kaur Peter M. Henry |
| author_facet | Lynn Epstein Sukhwinder Kaur Peter M. Henry |
| author_sort | Lynn Epstein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4 in celery and F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii (Foci) in coriander have the characteristics of emerging infectious plant diseases in coastal southern California: the pathogens are spreading, yield losses can be severe, and there are currently no economical solutions for their control. Celery, and possibly coriander, production in these regions is are likely to have more severe disease from projected warmer conditions in the historically cool, coastal regions. Experimental evidence shows that Foa race 4 causes much higher disease severity when temperatures exceed 21°C. A phylogenomic analysis indicated that Foa race 4, an older, less virulent, and uncommon Foa race 3, and two Foci are closely related in their conserved genomes. These closely related genotypes are somatically compatible. Foa race 4 can also cause disease in coriander and the two organisms readily form “hetero” conidial anastomosis tubes (CAT), further increasing the likelihood of parasexual recombination and the generation of novel pathotypes. A horizontal chromosome transfer event likely accounts for the difference in host range between Foci versus Foa races 4 and 3 because they differ primarily in one or two accessory chromosomes. How Foa race 4 evolved its hyper-virulence is unknown. Although the accessory chromosomes of Foa races 3 and 4 are highly similar, there is no evidence that Foa race 4 evolved directly from race 3, and races 3 and 4 probably only have a common ancestor. Foa race 2, which is in a different clade within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) than the other Foa, did not contribute to the evolution of race 4, and does not form CATs with Foa race 4; consequently, while inter-isolate CAT formation is genetically less restrictive than somatic compatibility, it might be more restricted between FOSC clades than currently known. Other relatively new F. oxysporum in coastal California include F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae on strawberry (Fof). Curiously, Fof “yellows-fragariae” isolates also have similar core genomes to Foa races 4 and 3 and Foci, perhaps suggesting that there may be core genome factors in this lineage that favor establishment in these soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:48:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85dd9cec5672445999479a73c76464d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:48:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-85dd9cec5672445999479a73c76464d12022-12-22T00:35:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-06-011310.3389/fpls.2022.921516921516The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case StudyLynn Epstein0Sukhwinder Kaur1Peter M. Henry2Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United StatesCurrently, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4 in celery and F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii (Foci) in coriander have the characteristics of emerging infectious plant diseases in coastal southern California: the pathogens are spreading, yield losses can be severe, and there are currently no economical solutions for their control. Celery, and possibly coriander, production in these regions is are likely to have more severe disease from projected warmer conditions in the historically cool, coastal regions. Experimental evidence shows that Foa race 4 causes much higher disease severity when temperatures exceed 21°C. A phylogenomic analysis indicated that Foa race 4, an older, less virulent, and uncommon Foa race 3, and two Foci are closely related in their conserved genomes. These closely related genotypes are somatically compatible. Foa race 4 can also cause disease in coriander and the two organisms readily form “hetero” conidial anastomosis tubes (CAT), further increasing the likelihood of parasexual recombination and the generation of novel pathotypes. A horizontal chromosome transfer event likely accounts for the difference in host range between Foci versus Foa races 4 and 3 because they differ primarily in one or two accessory chromosomes. How Foa race 4 evolved its hyper-virulence is unknown. Although the accessory chromosomes of Foa races 3 and 4 are highly similar, there is no evidence that Foa race 4 evolved directly from race 3, and races 3 and 4 probably only have a common ancestor. Foa race 2, which is in a different clade within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) than the other Foa, did not contribute to the evolution of race 4, and does not form CATs with Foa race 4; consequently, while inter-isolate CAT formation is genetically less restrictive than somatic compatibility, it might be more restricted between FOSC clades than currently known. Other relatively new F. oxysporum in coastal California include F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae on strawberry (Fof). Curiously, Fof “yellows-fragariae” isolates also have similar core genomes to Foa races 4 and 3 and Foci, perhaps suggesting that there may be core genome factors in this lineage that favor establishment in these soils.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.921516/fullApium graveolens var. dulcecelerycilantroeffectorsemerging pathogenFusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii |
| spellingShingle | Lynn Epstein Sukhwinder Kaur Peter M. Henry The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study Frontiers in Plant Science Apium graveolens var. dulce celery cilantro effectors emerging pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii |
| title | The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study |
| title_full | The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study |
| title_fullStr | The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study |
| title_short | The Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Race 4 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii Highlights Major Obstacles Facing Agricultural Production in Coastal California in a Warming Climate: A Case Study |
| title_sort | emergence of fusarium oxysporum f sp apii race 4 and fusarium oxysporum f sp coriandrii highlights major obstacles facing agricultural production in coastal california in a warming climate a case study |
| topic | Apium graveolens var. dulce celery cilantro effectors emerging pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.921516/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lynnepstein theemergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy AT sukhwinderkaur theemergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy AT petermhenry theemergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy AT lynnepstein emergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy AT sukhwinderkaur emergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy AT petermhenry emergenceoffusariumoxysporumfspapiirace4andfusariumoxysporumfspcoriandriihighlightsmajorobstaclesfacingagriculturalproductionincoastalcaliforniainawarmingclimateacasestudy |