<i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance
<i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves are believed to reverse antibiotic resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of antibiotic resistance. In the present...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/10/2219 |
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| author | Hamna Ahmad Umar Farooq Gohar Hamid Mukhtar Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq Romina Alina Marc Marius Irimie Luigi Geo Marceanu Claudia Mihaela Gavris |
| author_facet | Hamna Ahmad Umar Farooq Gohar Hamid Mukhtar Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq Romina Alina Marc Marius Irimie Luigi Geo Marceanu Claudia Mihaela Gavris |
| author_sort | Hamna Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves are believed to reverse antibiotic resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, seven different antibiotics were used against five different strains of bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> For Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cefoxitin, Penicillin, and Co-trimoxazole were resistant out of seven antibiotics. The zone of inhibition for all these three antibiotics goes from the resistant to the sensitive range after the combination with plant extracts. For <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin were resistant after treatment with the plant extracts, and the Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin zones of inhibition were from the resistant to the sensitive range. An increase in zone sizes was observed for Penicillin, but it remained resistant while no zone of inhibition was observed for Amoxicillin. For <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, and Imipenem were resistant. After a combination of these antibiotics with plant extracts, a change in zone sizes was observed for Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone, but it was not considerable as it remained in the resistance and intermediate ranges. No zones of inhibition were observed for Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, or Imipenem. For <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> all the antibiotics were resistant. An increase in zone sizes was observed after a combination with plant extracts for Ceftazidime and Imipenem in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> but it remained in the resistance category. No zone of inhibition was observed for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> before or after using plant extracts against any antibiotic. This study suggests that the <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seed and leaf extracts can reverse antibiotic resistance without any side effects on the human body, and that they can reverse antibiotic resistance naturally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:34:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85de9eca2b76449a85a45b808b1db933 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:34:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-85de9eca2b76449a85a45b808b1db9332023-11-24T01:58:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-10-011410221910.3390/pharmaceutics14102219<i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic ResistanceHamna Ahmad0Umar Farooq Gohar1Hamid Mukhtar2Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq3Romina Alina Marc4Marius Irimie5Luigi Geo Marceanu6Claudia Mihaela Gavris7Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanOffice of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanFood Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania<i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves are believed to reverse antibiotic resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seeds and leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, seven different antibiotics were used against five different strains of bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> For Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cefoxitin, Penicillin, and Co-trimoxazole were resistant out of seven antibiotics. The zone of inhibition for all these three antibiotics goes from the resistant to the sensitive range after the combination with plant extracts. For <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin were resistant after treatment with the plant extracts, and the Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, and Vancomycin zones of inhibition were from the resistant to the sensitive range. An increase in zone sizes was observed for Penicillin, but it remained resistant while no zone of inhibition was observed for Amoxicillin. For <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, and Imipenem were resistant. After a combination of these antibiotics with plant extracts, a change in zone sizes was observed for Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone, but it was not considerable as it remained in the resistance and intermediate ranges. No zones of inhibition were observed for Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, or Imipenem. For <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> all the antibiotics were resistant. An increase in zone sizes was observed after a combination with plant extracts for Ceftazidime and Imipenem in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> but it remained in the resistance category. No zone of inhibition was observed for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> before or after using plant extracts against any antibiotic. This study suggests that the <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> seed and leaf extracts can reverse antibiotic resistance without any side effects on the human body, and that they can reverse antibiotic resistance naturally.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/10/2219redressalantibiotic resistanceresistance breakersantibiotic adjuvantssecondary metaboliteszone of inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Hamna Ahmad Umar Farooq Gohar Hamid Mukhtar Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq Romina Alina Marc Marius Irimie Luigi Geo Marceanu Claudia Mihaela Gavris <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance Pharmaceutics redressal antibiotic resistance resistance breakers antibiotic adjuvants secondary metabolites zone of inhibition |
| title | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_full | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_fullStr | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_short | <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Extracts as Adjuvants for the Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_sort | i achyranthes aspera i extracts as adjuvants for the redressal of antibiotic resistance |
| topic | redressal antibiotic resistance resistance breakers antibiotic adjuvants secondary metabolites zone of inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/10/2219 |
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