A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some pathogenic bacteria are genetically very homogeneous, making strain discrimination difficult. In the last few years, tandem repeats have been increasingly recognized as markers of choice for genotyping a number of pathogens. The...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2001-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/1/2 |
| _version_ | 1811293892108091392 |
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| author | Denoeud France Prieur Agnès Onteniente Lucie Hauck Yolande Le Flèche Philippe Ramisse Vincent Sylvestre Patricia Benson Gary Ramisse Françoise Vergnaud Gilles |
| author_facet | Denoeud France Prieur Agnès Onteniente Lucie Hauck Yolande Le Flèche Philippe Ramisse Vincent Sylvestre Patricia Benson Gary Ramisse Françoise Vergnaud Gilles |
| author_sort | Denoeud France |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some pathogenic bacteria are genetically very homogeneous, making strain discrimination difficult. In the last few years, tandem repeats have been increasingly recognized as markers of choice for genotyping a number of pathogens. The rapid evolution of these structures appears to contribute to the phenotypic flexibility of pathogens. The availability of whole-genome sequences has opened the way to the systematic evaluation of tandem repeats diversity and application to epidemiological studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This report presents a database (<url>http://minisatellites.u-psud.fr</url>) of tandem repeats from publicly available bacterial genomes which facilitates the identification and selection of tandem repeats. We illustrate the use of this database by the characterization of minisatellites from two important human pathogens, <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it>. In order to avoid simple sequence contingency loci which may be of limited value as epidemiological markers, and to provide genotyping tools amenable to ordinary agarose gel electrophoresis, only tandem repeats with repeat units at least 9 bp long were evaluated. <it>Yersinia pestis</it> contains 64 such minisatellites in which the unit is repeated at least 7 times. An additional collection of 12 loci with at least 6 units, and a high internal conservation were also evaluated. Forty-nine are polymorphic among five <it>Yersinia</it> strains (twenty-five among three <it>Y. pestis</it> strains). <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> contains 30 comparable structures in which the unit is repeated at least 10 times. Half of these tandem repeats show polymorphism among the strains tested.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Analysis of the currently available bacterial genome sequences classifies <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> and <it>Yersinia pestis</it> as having an average (approximately 30 per Mb) density of tandem repeat arrays longer than 100 bp when compared to the other bacterial genomes analysed to date. In both cases, testing a fraction of these sequences for polymorphism was sufficient to quickly develop a set of more than fifteen informative markers, some of which show a very high degree of polymorphism. In one instance, the polymorphism information content index reaches 0.82 with allele length covering a wide size range (600-1950 bp), and nine alleles resolved in the small number of independent <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> strains typed here.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:09:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85e06df241eb4d99bfc783263135c249 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:09:09Z |
| publishDate | 2001-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-85e06df241eb4d99bfc783263135c2492022-12-22T03:01:05ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802001-03-0111210.1186/1471-2180-1-2A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it>Denoeud FrancePrieur AgnèsOnteniente LucieHauck YolandeLe Flèche PhilippeRamisse VincentSylvestre PatriciaBenson GaryRamisse FrançoiseVergnaud Gilles<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some pathogenic bacteria are genetically very homogeneous, making strain discrimination difficult. In the last few years, tandem repeats have been increasingly recognized as markers of choice for genotyping a number of pathogens. The rapid evolution of these structures appears to contribute to the phenotypic flexibility of pathogens. The availability of whole-genome sequences has opened the way to the systematic evaluation of tandem repeats diversity and application to epidemiological studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This report presents a database (<url>http://minisatellites.u-psud.fr</url>) of tandem repeats from publicly available bacterial genomes which facilitates the identification and selection of tandem repeats. We illustrate the use of this database by the characterization of minisatellites from two important human pathogens, <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it>. In order to avoid simple sequence contingency loci which may be of limited value as epidemiological markers, and to provide genotyping tools amenable to ordinary agarose gel electrophoresis, only tandem repeats with repeat units at least 9 bp long were evaluated. <it>Yersinia pestis</it> contains 64 such minisatellites in which the unit is repeated at least 7 times. An additional collection of 12 loci with at least 6 units, and a high internal conservation were also evaluated. Forty-nine are polymorphic among five <it>Yersinia</it> strains (twenty-five among three <it>Y. pestis</it> strains). <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> contains 30 comparable structures in which the unit is repeated at least 10 times. Half of these tandem repeats show polymorphism among the strains tested.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Analysis of the currently available bacterial genome sequences classifies <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> and <it>Yersinia pestis</it> as having an average (approximately 30 per Mb) density of tandem repeat arrays longer than 100 bp when compared to the other bacterial genomes analysed to date. In both cases, testing a fraction of these sequences for polymorphism was sufficient to quickly develop a set of more than fifteen informative markers, some of which show a very high degree of polymorphism. In one instance, the polymorphism information content index reaches 0.82 with allele length covering a wide size range (600-1950 bp), and nine alleles resolved in the small number of independent <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> strains typed here.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/1/2 |
| spellingShingle | Denoeud France Prieur Agnès Onteniente Lucie Hauck Yolande Le Flèche Philippe Ramisse Vincent Sylvestre Patricia Benson Gary Ramisse Françoise Vergnaud Gilles A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> BMC Microbiology |
| title | A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> |
| title_full | A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> |
| title_fullStr | A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> |
| title_short | A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of <it>Yersinia pestis</it> and <it>Bacillus anthracis</it> |
| title_sort | tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes application to the genotyping of it yersinia pestis it and it bacillus anthracis it |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/1/2 |
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