An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils is an environmental concern, as cadmium harms food crops and can therefore impact human health. The use of combinations of biochar (seeded with Rhizobium leguminosarum) and Vigna radiata (as an intercrop) has the potential to reduce the mobilization of Cd from soi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1139136/full |
| _version_ | 1811159559587233792 |
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| author | Qurat-ul-Ain Ali Hira Midhat Mahboob Rimsha Azhar Faiza Munir Alvina Gul Asim Hayat Tariq Shah Rabia Amir |
| author_facet | Qurat-ul-Ain Ali Hira Midhat Mahboob Rimsha Azhar Faiza Munir Alvina Gul Asim Hayat Tariq Shah Rabia Amir |
| author_sort | Qurat-ul-Ain Ali Hira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils is an environmental concern, as cadmium harms food crops and can therefore impact human health. The use of combinations of biochar (seeded with Rhizobium leguminosarum) and Vigna radiata (as an intercrop) has the potential to reduce the mobilization of Cd from soil via mustard plants (Brassica juncea). Mustard plants are grown as a food and oil production crop that is consumed worldwide. However, this plant has the property of hyperaccumulation; thus, it bioaccumulates Cd in its tissues, which in turn, if eaten, can become part of the human food chain. Hence, reducing Cd bioaccumulation in mustard plants is crucial to making these plants a reliable and safe source of food for consumption. To improve soil sorption capacity and immobilization efficiency, biochar (in the form of wheat husk) was mixed with R. leguminosarum and intercropped (using V. radiata) with mustard plants for further investigation. Sampling was performed at an early growth stage (i.e., at 30 days) and at maturity (i.e., at 60 days) to determine the impact of Cd on a plant’s morphophysiological attributes. Data were analyzed in two ways: first by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then by the post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The statistical analysis concluded that combinations effectively improved plant traits by 65%–90% in the early growth stage and by 70%–90% in the maturity stage. The T6 treatment combination [i.e., biochar + R. leguminosarum + V. radiata (BC + RL + VR)] provided the most effective results in terms of growth, biomass, pod yield, and pigmentation content. In addition, this combination reduced the translocation of Cd in mustard plants by 70%–95%. The combination of BC + RL + VR effectively reduced Cd contamination of mustard tissue and provided a suitable growing environment for the plants. A post-harvesting soil analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) found that Cd was undetectable in soil. This provides clear confirmation that these approaches can lead to Cd soil remediation. Moreover, this study provided insight into the responses of different morphophysiological attributes of mustard plants to Cd stress and could aid in developing Cd stress tolerance in mustard plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85e16df6bd7b44b7a442e08b9cd2a710 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-85e16df6bd7b44b7a442e08b9cd2a7102023-03-06T05:26:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-03-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11391361139136An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant systemQurat-ul-Ain Ali Hira0Midhat Mahboob1Rimsha Azhar2Faiza Munir3Alvina Gul4Asim Hayat5Tariq Shah6Rabia Amir7Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanLand Resource Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, PakistanPlant Science Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Washington, DC, United StatesDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanCadmium (Cd) contamination of soils is an environmental concern, as cadmium harms food crops and can therefore impact human health. The use of combinations of biochar (seeded with Rhizobium leguminosarum) and Vigna radiata (as an intercrop) has the potential to reduce the mobilization of Cd from soil via mustard plants (Brassica juncea). Mustard plants are grown as a food and oil production crop that is consumed worldwide. However, this plant has the property of hyperaccumulation; thus, it bioaccumulates Cd in its tissues, which in turn, if eaten, can become part of the human food chain. Hence, reducing Cd bioaccumulation in mustard plants is crucial to making these plants a reliable and safe source of food for consumption. To improve soil sorption capacity and immobilization efficiency, biochar (in the form of wheat husk) was mixed with R. leguminosarum and intercropped (using V. radiata) with mustard plants for further investigation. Sampling was performed at an early growth stage (i.e., at 30 days) and at maturity (i.e., at 60 days) to determine the impact of Cd on a plant’s morphophysiological attributes. Data were analyzed in two ways: first by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then by the post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The statistical analysis concluded that combinations effectively improved plant traits by 65%–90% in the early growth stage and by 70%–90% in the maturity stage. The T6 treatment combination [i.e., biochar + R. leguminosarum + V. radiata (BC + RL + VR)] provided the most effective results in terms of growth, biomass, pod yield, and pigmentation content. In addition, this combination reduced the translocation of Cd in mustard plants by 70%–95%. The combination of BC + RL + VR effectively reduced Cd contamination of mustard tissue and provided a suitable growing environment for the plants. A post-harvesting soil analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) found that Cd was undetectable in soil. This provides clear confirmation that these approaches can lead to Cd soil remediation. Moreover, this study provided insight into the responses of different morphophysiological attributes of mustard plants to Cd stress and could aid in developing Cd stress tolerance in mustard plants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1139136/fullcadmium remediationmustard plantphytoremediationbiocharintercroppingplant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) |
| spellingShingle | Qurat-ul-Ain Ali Hira Midhat Mahboob Rimsha Azhar Faiza Munir Alvina Gul Asim Hayat Tariq Shah Rabia Amir An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system Frontiers in Plant Science cadmium remediation mustard plant phytoremediation biochar intercropping plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) |
| title | An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system |
| title_full | An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system |
| title_fullStr | An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system |
| title_full_unstemmed | An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system |
| title_short | An integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil–mustard plant system |
| title_sort | integrated remediation approach using combinations of biochar rhizobium leguminosarum and vigna radiata for immobilizing and dissipating cadmium contaminants from the soil mustard plant system |
| topic | cadmium remediation mustard plant phytoremediation biochar intercropping plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1139136/full |
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