In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Nanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in materials science, textiles, and medicine that cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential health risks that nanomaterials pose and the lack of standardized gu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4650 |
| _version_ | 1797379573694857216 |
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| author | Kyu oh Kim |
| author_facet | Kyu oh Kim |
| author_sort | Kyu oh Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in materials science, textiles, and medicine that cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential health risks that nanomaterials pose and the lack of standardized guidelines for the safety evaluation of NF products. The global safety evaluations of nanomaterials have focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of low-dimensional materials, including nanoparticles and nanotubes, based on OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) criteria. NFs are one-dimensional materials with nanometer diameters and considerable lengths. Many fibers are applied in a densely woven web-like form, so assessing cellular penetration and fiber toxicity using the same methods is inappropriate. This study verifies the safety of the polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers currently applied in filters and masks. To this end, polymer NFs were collected from each product, and the NFs were compared with reference samples using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. For the safety evaluation, DMSO stocks of varying concentrations of PVDF and PU NFs (at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) were prepared. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and protein expression obtained via Western blot were identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:26:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85e8d671bb0a4c5fab7c2c1f950776cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:26:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-85e8d671bb0a4c5fab7c2c1f950776cc2023-12-22T14:36:06ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-12-011524465010.3390/polym15244650In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene FluorideKyu oh Kim0Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jookjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 448-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaNanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in materials science, textiles, and medicine that cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential health risks that nanomaterials pose and the lack of standardized guidelines for the safety evaluation of NF products. The global safety evaluations of nanomaterials have focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of low-dimensional materials, including nanoparticles and nanotubes, based on OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) criteria. NFs are one-dimensional materials with nanometer diameters and considerable lengths. Many fibers are applied in a densely woven web-like form, so assessing cellular penetration and fiber toxicity using the same methods is inappropriate. This study verifies the safety of the polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers currently applied in filters and masks. To this end, polymer NFs were collected from each product, and the NFs were compared with reference samples using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. For the safety evaluation, DMSO stocks of varying concentrations of PVDF and PU NFs (at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) were prepared. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and protein expression obtained via Western blot were identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4650nanofiber (NF)cytotoxicitypolyurethane (PU)polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)DMSO stocksnitric oxide production |
| spellingShingle | Kyu oh Kim In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Polymers nanofiber (NF) cytotoxicity polyurethane (PU) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) DMSO stocks nitric oxide production |
| title | In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
| title_full | In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
| title_short | In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride |
| title_sort | in vitro and anti inflammatory activity evaluation nanofibers from a breath mask and filter based on polyurethane and polyvinylidene fluoride |
| topic | nanofiber (NF) cytotoxicity polyurethane (PU) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) DMSO stocks nitric oxide production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4650 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kyuohkim invitroandantiinflammatoryactivityevaluationnanofibersfromabreathmaskandfilterbasedonpolyurethaneandpolyvinylidenefluoride |