Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand
African horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous insects from the genus <i>Culicoides</i> are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/369 |
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| author | Ketsarin Kamyingkird Suchada Choocherd Wissanuwat Chimnoi Nutsuda Klinkaew Chanya Kengradomkij Pornkamol Phoosangwalthong Nipa Thammasonthijarern Khampee Pattanatanang Tawin Inpankaew Jumnongjit Phasuk Burin Nimsuphan |
| author_facet | Ketsarin Kamyingkird Suchada Choocherd Wissanuwat Chimnoi Nutsuda Klinkaew Chanya Kengradomkij Pornkamol Phoosangwalthong Nipa Thammasonthijarern Khampee Pattanatanang Tawin Inpankaew Jumnongjit Phasuk Burin Nimsuphan |
| author_sort | Ketsarin Kamyingkird |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous insects from the genus <i>Culicoides</i> are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from AHS in 2020. However, the potential <i>Culicoides</i> species and its host preference blood meal in the affected areas are unknown. To investigate the potential vectors of AHS, <i>Culicoides</i> were collected using ultraviolet light traps placed near horse stables. Six horse farms, including five farms with AHS history and one farm without AHS history, were included in this study. Morphological and molecular identification of the <i>Culicoides</i> species was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the cytochrome b oxidase I (COXI) gene for confirmation of the <i>Culicoides</i> species, identification of the prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene for host preference blood meal, and bidirectional sequencing were conducted. Consequently, 1008 female <i>Culicoides</i> were collected, consisting of 708 and 300 samples captured at positions A and B at a distance of <2 and >5 m from the horse, respectively. Twelve <i>Culicoides</i> species identified by morphology were noted, including <i>C. oxystoma</i> (71.92%), <i>C. imicola</i> (20.44%), <i>C. actoni</i> (2.28%), <i>C. flavipunctatus</i> (1.98%), <i>C. asiana</i> (0.99%), <i>C. peregrinus</i> (0.60%), <i>C. huffi</i> (0.60%), <i>C. brevitarsis</i> (0.40%), <i>C. innoxius</i> (0.30%), <i>C. histrio</i> (0.30%), <i>C. minimus</i> (0.10%), and <i>C. geminus</i> (0.10%). The PCR detection of the <i>Culicoides</i> COXI gene confirmed <i>Culicoides</i> species in 23 DNA samples. PCR targeting the PNOC gene revealed that the <i>Culicoides</i> collected in this study fed on <i>Equus caballus</i> (86.25%), <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i> (6.25%), <i>Sus scrofa</i> (3.75%), and <i>Homo sapiens</i> (3.75%) for their blood meal. Human blood was identified from two samples of <i>C. oxystoma</i> and a sample of <i>C. imicola</i>. Three dominant species including <i>C. oxystoma</i>, <i>C. imicola,</i> and <i>C. actoni</i> that were reported in the Hua Hin area prefer to feed on horse blood. Moreover, <i>C. oxystoma</i>, <i>C. imicola</i>, and <i>C. bravatarsis</i> also feed on canine blood. This study revealed the species of <i>Culicoides</i> in Hua Hin district, Thailand, after the AHS outbreak. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85f547b314ef4d04bab2cc4a7a31751b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-85f547b314ef4d04bab2cc4a7a31751b2023-11-17T19:46:35ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-04-0114436910.3390/insects14040369Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, ThailandKetsarin Kamyingkird0Suchada Choocherd1Wissanuwat Chimnoi2Nutsuda Klinkaew3Chanya Kengradomkij4Pornkamol Phoosangwalthong5Nipa Thammasonthijarern6Khampee Pattanatanang7Tawin Inpankaew8Jumnongjit Phasuk9Burin Nimsuphan10Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandAfrican horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous insects from the genus <i>Culicoides</i> are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from AHS in 2020. However, the potential <i>Culicoides</i> species and its host preference blood meal in the affected areas are unknown. To investigate the potential vectors of AHS, <i>Culicoides</i> were collected using ultraviolet light traps placed near horse stables. Six horse farms, including five farms with AHS history and one farm without AHS history, were included in this study. Morphological and molecular identification of the <i>Culicoides</i> species was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the cytochrome b oxidase I (COXI) gene for confirmation of the <i>Culicoides</i> species, identification of the prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene for host preference blood meal, and bidirectional sequencing were conducted. Consequently, 1008 female <i>Culicoides</i> were collected, consisting of 708 and 300 samples captured at positions A and B at a distance of <2 and >5 m from the horse, respectively. Twelve <i>Culicoides</i> species identified by morphology were noted, including <i>C. oxystoma</i> (71.92%), <i>C. imicola</i> (20.44%), <i>C. actoni</i> (2.28%), <i>C. flavipunctatus</i> (1.98%), <i>C. asiana</i> (0.99%), <i>C. peregrinus</i> (0.60%), <i>C. huffi</i> (0.60%), <i>C. brevitarsis</i> (0.40%), <i>C. innoxius</i> (0.30%), <i>C. histrio</i> (0.30%), <i>C. minimus</i> (0.10%), and <i>C. geminus</i> (0.10%). The PCR detection of the <i>Culicoides</i> COXI gene confirmed <i>Culicoides</i> species in 23 DNA samples. PCR targeting the PNOC gene revealed that the <i>Culicoides</i> collected in this study fed on <i>Equus caballus</i> (86.25%), <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i> (6.25%), <i>Sus scrofa</i> (3.75%), and <i>Homo sapiens</i> (3.75%) for their blood meal. Human blood was identified from two samples of <i>C. oxystoma</i> and a sample of <i>C. imicola</i>. Three dominant species including <i>C. oxystoma</i>, <i>C. imicola,</i> and <i>C. actoni</i> that were reported in the Hua Hin area prefer to feed on horse blood. Moreover, <i>C. oxystoma</i>, <i>C. imicola</i>, and <i>C. bravatarsis</i> also feed on canine blood. This study revealed the species of <i>Culicoides</i> in Hua Hin district, Thailand, after the AHS outbreak.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/369<i>Culicoides</i>African horse sicknessblood meal analysishost preference blood feeding |
| spellingShingle | Ketsarin Kamyingkird Suchada Choocherd Wissanuwat Chimnoi Nutsuda Klinkaew Chanya Kengradomkij Pornkamol Phoosangwalthong Nipa Thammasonthijarern Khampee Pattanatanang Tawin Inpankaew Jumnongjit Phasuk Burin Nimsuphan Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand Insects <i>Culicoides</i> African horse sickness blood meal analysis host preference blood feeding |
| title | Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand |
| title_full | Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand |
| title_short | Molecular Identification of <i>Culicoides</i> Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand |
| title_sort | molecular identification of i culicoides i species and host preference blood meal in the african horse sickness outbreak affected area in hua hin district prachuap khiri khan province thailand |
| topic | <i>Culicoides</i> African horse sickness blood meal analysis host preference blood feeding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/369 |
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